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    Disciplines / Research questions

    物理学

    691 个研究主题 · 2739 个问题

    湍流零耗散极限与耗散反常14 个问题

    1. Lagrangian time-irreversibility anomalies and spontaneous stochasticity: from Burgers turbulence to compressible flow and Navier–Stokes

    2. Inviscid-limit status of anomalous dissipation and spontaneous stochasticity in deterministic surface quasi-geostrophic turbulence

    3. Statistical Kelvin theorem for turbulent Euler flows: the circulation-martingale conjecture for generalized (spontaneously stochastic) flows

    4. Endpoint cases of the sharp uniqueness threshold for (stochastic) Lagrangian trajectories of Euler and Navier-Stokes flows

    5. Dynamical origin and Reynolds-number universality of the most irregular small-scale structures in turbulence, as characterized by local Hölder exponents

    6. Sharpness of the Osgood threshold for anomalous dissipation in passive-scalar transport

    7. Anomalous dissipation by autonomous two-dimensional velocity fields: verifiable criteria, the weak-Sard boundary, and initial-data dependence

    8. Sharp regularity threshold for almost-sure anomalous dissipation of passive scalars under random autonomous divergence-free drifts

    9. Selection principle and unconditional inviscid limit for the stochastic Navier–Stokes equations with no-slip boundary

    10. Vanishing-viscosity selection for the non-unique solutions of the forced 2D Euler equations

    11. Anomalous dissipation and failure of vanishing-viscosity selection for the forced 3D Navier–Stokes equations with a single viscosity-independent force

    12. Vanishing viscosity limits for axisymmetric no-swirl flows in an infinite cylinder: anomalous dissipation, rough data, and energy conservation

    13. Anomalous dissipation for the forced 3D Navier-Stokes equations with a viscosity-independent body force

    14. Anomalous dissipation and the Burgers–Kato boundary layer in the vanishing-viscosity limit of two-dimensional wall-bounded flows at critical Navier slip

    湍流级联、通量与惯性区普适性7 个问题

    1. Discontinuous transition from direct to inverse energy cascade in helically reweighted three-dimensional turbulence: critical characterization, mechanism in rotating/MHD/active flows, analytical theory, and experimental fingerprints

    2. Quantitative theory of the split energy cascade in turbulent thin fluid layers: flux partition scaling, 3D-mode saturation, and rotating/stratified extensions

    3. Asymptotic fate and triadic mechanism of the residual direct cascade of magnetic helicity in MHD turbulence

    4. Localness of the energy cascade for the sharp spectral filter: optimal rigorous decay rates, pointwise Hölder estimates, the Euclidean-ball cutoff, and the quantitative size of nonlocal triad contributions

    5. Loitsianskii-type invariants and the von Kármán–Howarth decay theory for strongly anisotropic MHD turbulence

    6. Dynamic-multiscaling universality between decaying and statistically steady turbulence beyond Kraichnan and shell models

    7. Dynamic multiscaling of multi-time multi-scale correlations in three-dimensional Navier–Stokes turbulence and its universality

    湍流间歇性、奇异结构与极端事件14 个问题

    1. Causal coupling of intermittent local energy transfer and vortical structures, quasi-singular shear-layer events, and their universality in the turbulent von Kármán flow

    2. Predictive theory of Lagrangian acceleration moments in high-Reynolds-number turbulence: the Reynolds-growing fourth-order structure-function prefactor and the failure of the dissipation-based multifractal mapping

    3. Dynamical origin of the nonlocal strain–vorticity coupling that generates extreme velocity gradients in turbulence, and of the stronger intermittency of vorticity than strain

    4. First-principles theory of the Reynolds-number scaling of the Eulerian decompositions of the turbulent acceleration

    5. Dynamical mechanism of Lagrangian-acceleration intermittency in shell models of turbulence: phase-organized coherent structures, principled multifractal predictions, and the mapping to Navier–Stokes vortex filaments

    6. Beyond the multifractal bridge: a predictive theory of Lagrangian acceleration statistics and the origin of fourth-order structure-function prefactor growth in high-Reynolds-number turbulence

    7. Making the persistent-acceleration decomposition of Lagrangian turbulence predictive: theoretical models for the coarse-grained-acceleration PDF f(α)f(\alpha) and conditional correlations Cα(τ)C_{\alpha}(\tau), and the high-Reynolds-number asymptote of the coarse-graining time Θ\Theta

    8. Universality and the multifractal crossover parameter beta of Lagrangian turbulence: strong mean flows, vortex-trapping statistics, and higher-order moments

    9. Partition and unification of stochastic and cyclotron-resonant ion heating in the near-Sun solar wind

    10. Predictive theory for the Reynolds-number scaling exponents of stationary forced two-dimensional turbulence and their dependence on forcing

    11. Quantitative validation and controlled derivation of the vorticity PDF tail in the two-dimensional direct enstrophy cascade

    12. Exact relations between dissipation and longitudinal velocity-derivative moments beyond homogeneous isotropic turbulence

    13. Large-order saturation of longitudinal structure-function exponents in three-dimensional turbulence

    14. Two-loop completion of the double-expansion renormalization-group analysis of passive-scalar anomalous scaling near two dimensions

    湍流Eulerian与Lagrangian时空动力学8 个问题

    1. Markov-Fokker-Planck description of inertial particles in turbulence: Stokes-number dependence of the Einstein-Markov coherence time, the large-Stokes limit, and fluctuation theorems under preferential concentration

    2. Multidimensional incompressible stochastic closure of turbulent pair dispersion and intermittency-controlled convergence to Richardson scaling (open problems from Bitane–Homann–Bec 2012)

    3. Nonlinear transfer timescales, steady-state spectral regimes, and wave-mediated energy transport in the buildup of forced rotating turbulence

    4. Local Elsässer imbalance, nonlinear timescales, and the frequency content of large eddies across the weak-to-strong cascade transition in MHD turbulence

    5. Observational adjudication of the dynamical origin of Eulerian (plasma-frame) decorrelation in solar wind turbulence

    6. Extending the universal sweeping picture of the Eulerian space-time correlation in strong MHD turbulence to kinetic solar-wind regimes and to non-Gaussian large-scale statistics

    7. Nature of the intermediate-time regime in turbulent pair dispersion: non-local Batchelor-Taylor transition versus Richardson t3t^3 scaling

    8. Initial-separation window, Richardson constant, and objective inertial-range criteria for Richardson t3t^3 two-particle dispersion at finite Reynolds number

    湍流跨系统普适性及其失效3 个问题

    1. Magnetic-Prandtl-number dependence of intermittency in homogeneous, isotropic MHD turbulence: the velocity-magnetic-field intermittency crossover and strong universality of multiscaling exponents

    2. Universality of the intermittency parameter and unresolved cascade mechanisms in two-dimensional bacterial turbulence

    3. First-principles foundation of the log-universality of turbulent velocity structure functions: derivation of the Reynolds-number factor beta(Re), the effective number of degrees of freedom N_eff = 1/beta(Re), and the validity of the multifractal thermodynamic framework of Geneste et al. (2019)

    湍流从有限观测反演三维级联6 个问题

    1. Reconstructing plasma-frame turbulence spectra from Parker Solar Probe time series beyond the validated Taylor/sweeping regime: near-parallel sampling, large sweeping parameter, outer-scale validity, and single-point anisotropy diagnostics

    2. Domain of validity of the projected velocity structure function D(R)D(R): thin clouds with random sampling, thick clouds with L>LiL>L_i, and the mapping to 3D turbulence statistics

    3. Do dense-gas tracers fix the position-position-velocity to position-position-position mapping for fibrous molecular-cloud filaments? A synthetic-observation determination of fibre-sub-filament correspondence

    4. Extending velocity-centroid statistics in position–position–velocity space beyond the Gaussian, weak-absorption regime: intermittency, density–velocity correlations, non-linear self-absorption, and non-degenerate inversion for MHD mode content and magnetization

    5. Inertial-range power-law scaling: admissibility constraints on anomalous scaling exponents from moment inequalities and the four-fifths law

    6. Validity of the self-similar subgrid-scale closure at higher Reynolds numbers and the high-order intermittency discrepancy in homogeneous isotropic turbulence

    时间箭头什么量真正测量了时间方向，它在多大程度上独立于观察尺度和粗粒化选择？12 个问题

    1. Uniqueness of Lieb–Yngvason entropy-meter entropy for non-extensive and non-equilibrium systems: conditions for comparability, global calibration, and validity domain

    2. Fluctuation relation for the physical entropy production and the equivalence of finite and infinite thermostats in deterministically thermostatted nonequilibrium systems

    3. Local relation between phase-space contraction and entropy production in deterministic-reservoir quasi-one-dimensional heat conduction

    4. Proving or refuting the conjectured lower bound ⟨σ⟩pss≥⟨σ^Ψ⟩pss≥0\langle\sigma\rangle_{\rm pss}\ge\langle\hat\sigma_\Psi\rangle_{\rm pss}\ge 0 for phase-marginalized waiting-time entropy estimation in periodically driven Markov networks

    5. Tight and valid entropy-production inference from partially observed Langevin dynamics under spatial coarse-graining

    6. Rigorous error bounds for entropy-production estimation from partially observed trajectories with unobserved transitions

    7. Fundamental limits of entropy-production inference from noisy single-molecule time series and the general theory of the optimal sampling interval

    8. Quantitative, non-circular record-survival foundations for the final-measurement account of the arrows of time

    9. Thermodynamic information flux for non-Markovian open quantum systems beyond the static-environment regime: instantaneous accounting, channel-resolved measurement, and weak-non-Markovianity diagnostics

    10. Domain of validity and dynamical foundations of Ziegler's maximum entropy production principle beyond the linear regime

    11. Validity of the minimum-entropy-production stability criterion for steady solutions of the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation: robustness of Di Vita's counterexample to the maximum entropy production principle beyond its approximation chain

    12. Existence of a maximum-entropy-production extremal principle for far-from-equilibrium systems with nonlinear constitutive relations, and its relation to self-organized criticality

    时间箭头能否从确定性可逆多体动力学中，以明确极限和误差界导出动力学方程、耗散系数和长期弛豫？24 个问题

    1. Molecular chaos and Boltzmann-equation validity for the one-dimensional binary ideal gas: factorization, initial-ensemble generality, and finite-N kinetic accuracy

    2. Open fronts in the rigorous Newton-to-Boltzmann derivation: short-range and long-range potentials, physical boundaries, and non-perturbative data

    3. Validity domain of the rigorous derivation of the binary-ternary Boltzmann equation for a dense hard-sphere gas: long-time convergence, alternative scalings, and more general interaction laws

    4. Open problems in the rigorous theory of Hamiltonian friction for a tracer particle in a Bose-Einstein condensate: sharp decay rates, two-body bound states, and interacting condensates

    5. Emergent friction in the conservative incommensurate Frenkel–Kontorova model: the low-velocity limit and the phonon-resonance peak structure

    6. Finite-size scaling, ground-state effects, equilibration regimes, and the extension to real and three-dimensional interfaces for emergent friction in two-dimensional Frenkel-Kontorova models

    7. Thermodynamic-limit phase transition and Gallavotti ensemble equivalence in the three-dimensional time-reversible Navier-Stokes system

    8. Uniqueness, regularization dependence, and the continuum limit of the hidden dissipative singular solutions of the reversible Navier-Stokes protocol on log-lattices

    9. Reversible Sabra shell model of turbulence: post-inertial-range physics, weakened small-scale intermittency, the power-sign cancellation exponent, and the scope of Gallavotti ensemble equivalence

    10. Molecular chaos and the conductivity identity for locally confined billiard systems: rigorous derivation of the Boltzmann-like equation and of the Green-Kubo conductivity in the rare-collision limit

    11. Brownian limit of a tagged particle in a deterministic hard-sphere gas: removing the logarithmic density restriction and the equilibrium assumption

    12. Langevin limit for a massive particle in an ideal gas of light particles: singular short-range interaction potentials and spatial dimensions d≤2d \le 2

    13. Extending the microcanonical-bath derivation of the Langevin equation beyond a single particle in a fast-equilibrating bath

    14. Domain of validity of typical thermalization in large harmonic systems: frequency degeneracies, eigenvector localization, matrix classification, finite-size effects, and the ETH connection

    15. Untypical slow thermalization in closed many-body quantum systems: classifying untypical observables and initial states, and quantifying how near-conservation modifies the relaxation law

    16. Rigorous weak-coupling expansion and zero-noise limit of the Green-Kubo conductivity for weakly coupled systems with energy-conserving noise

    17. Rigorous rare-interaction limit and hydrodynamic limit for the ball-piston billiard gas

    18. Fourier's law from hard-sphere dynamics with thermostated boundaries: the non-equilibrium Boltzmann-Grad and diffusive limits

    19. Deriving the nonequilibrium conductivity exponent and the hydrodynamics of the non-acoustic (pseudomomentum-conserving) universality class of anomalous heat transport

    20. Mechanism of normal energy and momentum diffusion in one-dimensional momentum-conserving lattices with bounded periodic interaction potentials

    21. Universality breakdown in anomalous Fourier's law for the one-dimensional diatomic hard-point gas: exponent identities, hidden slow fields, and the correct mesoscopic theory of anomalous heat conduction

    22. Second law with strict irreversibility: extensive entropy increase for non-ETH quantum quenches and for finite-time adiabatic processes

    23. Thermalization of generic isolated quantum many-body systems: a general proof of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, a quantum KAM-like threshold, and the conserved quantities of the asymptotic state

    24. Entanglement-driven thermalization in isolated many-body systems: system-size scaling, integrability, localization, and subsystem-ensemble sensitivity

    时间箭头在有限时间、强涨落和不完全观测下，时间箭头还能以什么精确关系成立？12 个问题

    1. Geometric excess-housekeeping decomposition of entropy production beyond overdamped diffusions: underdamped Langevin dynamics and Markov jump processes

    2. Mutual-information and nonperturbative interpretation of the entropy-production balance in the stochastic thermodynamics of fractional Brownian motion

    3. Operational thermodynamic uncertainty relations for time-dependent driving: a priori criterion for the tightest observable and extension to driven open quantum systems

    4. Beyond-second-moment interrelation between integrated currents and recurrence times in Markov jump processes, and finite-time thermodynamic bounds on channel-specific current precision

    5. Conditions under which waiting-time entropy production reliably detects broken detailed balance in partially observed semi-Markov dynamics

    6. Identifiability and generality of exact, entropy-production-preserving coarse graining of Markov jump processes (open problem of Teza and Stella, PRL 125, 110601)

    7. Microscopic foundation of the integral fluctuation theorem for microcanonical and pure-state quantum baths: origin of stiffness and smoothness, sufficiency without microreversibility, and quantitative error control

    8. Sampling cost of fluctuation-theorem free-energy estimation under reservoir local heating: measurable-indicator bounds, dimensional dependence, and non-Markovian extensions

    9. Work fluctuation theorems for genuinely irreversible transformations in deterministic thermostatted dynamics

    10. Escaping the quantum work trilemma: exotic measurement schemes between energy conservation and the Jarzynski equality, and the negative-spectrum classical limit of the work operator

    11. Operational status of the energy-flux (LEMBAS) partitioning of work and heat in autonomous bipartite quantum systems: measurability of the fluxes and the non-equilibrium heat-entropy relation

    12. Minimal quantum correction to the Jarzynski equality under energy conservation: optimal work-measurement schemes and completion of the corrected fluctuation framework

    时间箭头量子层面的时间箭头来自基本动力学、边界条件、开放系统约化，还是测量记录的形成？9 个问题

    1. Conditions for elevating post-selected ensemble observables to single-system claims: open problems from the ABL-rule critique of Barandes (2026)

    2. Generic characterization of SBS pointer states under non-commuting system-environment dynamics

    3. Dynamical stabilization of objectivity in local lattice many-body systems: its separation from decoherent histories and the role of symmetry breaking

    4. Validity regime and controlled extension of the ETH-ansatz environmental-branch derivation of the master equation for a many-body chaotic environment

    5. Complete positivity versus Redfield accuracy: the existence of thermodynamically consistent Lindblad master equations for systems weakly coupled to multiple baths

    6. Legitimate-pair characterization of memory-kernel master equations: divisibility encoding, necessary-and-sufficient admissibility, and time-domain kernel reconstruction

    7. Delineating the validity of the partial secular approximation for recovering positivity of the Redfield equation

    8. Operational time-symmetric formulation of quantum theory: axiomatic derivation, infinite-dimensional extension, physical realizability of generalized time-reversal symmetries, and predefined-time-free completion

    9. Time-reversal symmetry of quantum channels: the no-go conjecture without temporal-order assumptions

    时间箭头动力学方程本身若不选择方向，为什么现实宇宙选择了一个稳定方向？9 个问题

    1. Final-condition constraints on decoherent histories in quantum cosmology: quantum-gravity extension and unified boundary conditions

    2. Foundational status of the Entanglement Past Hypothesis for the decoherent arrow of time

    3. Thermodynamic and quantum constraints on physical causal interventions, and the thermodynamic origin of causal asymmetry

    4. Formal foundations of the memory-system account of the epistemic arrow of time: taxonomy completeness, a Type-3 memory-of-future no-go, the cosmological turnover magnitude, and the inductive footing of memory

    5. Grounding the record asymmetry in the Past State: the status of the bottleneck argument, a rigorous derivation of the fork asymmetry, and the fork/density explanatory ordering in the Mentaculus

    6. Quantitative applicability of Rovelli's thermodynamic bound on agency-generated information to concrete physical agents

    7. Quantum theory and statistical-mechanical foundations of the contact (Herglotz) formulation of cosmology

    8. Rigorous foundation of the arrow of time without a Past Hypothesis: typicality measure on shape space, large-N Janus-point statistics, relativistic extension, and the status of universal entropy

    9. Size dependence of the effective Fermi golden rule in the proliferation of effective interactions: Loschmidt-echo irreversibility in closed many-spin systems

    时间箭头局域热力学箭头如何与宇宙低熵初态、结构形成和引力自由度的演化相容？20 个问题

    1. Algebraic conditions for generalized-entropy monotonicity: the open problems of the crossed-product generalized second law

    2. Quantum focusing conjecture beyond its two-dimensional Russo-Susskind-Thorlacius realization: exact semiclassical solutions with islands and the circumstances of two-dimensional failure

    3. Generalized second law for a Schwarzschild black hole with equilibrium Hawking radiation in a reflecting cavity: genuine violation or artifact of the approximations?

    4. Quantum-extremal-surface derivation of the fine-grained Page curve of nonequilibrium Schwarzschild–de Sitter evaporation

    5. Universal gravitational entropy and its local temperature beyond Petrov types D and N

    6. Extending the Lanczos-potential definition of gravitational entropy for perturbed FLRW space-times beyond the radiation-era, spatially-flat, linear tensor sector

    7. Dynamical realization of the smooth maximal-entropy initial state in weak-early-gravity Higgs-dilaton cosmology

    8. Completing the explanation of time's arrow in Wheeler-DeWitt quantum cosmology: physical origin of the boundary condition, autonomous coarse-graining, local arrows, typicality, and robustness

    9. Quantitative foundations of the universal arrow of time in quantum mechanics: macroscopicity criterion, recoherence-observability bounds, and observer memory at Poincaré recurrences

    10. Bidirectional arrows of time in the bouncing universes of the no-boundary quantum state: establishing the result beyond the semiclassical minisuperspace derivation

    11. Status and Formulation of the Entanglement Past Hypothesis as a Boundary-Condition Law for the Decoherent Arrow of Time

    12. Arrows of time in the bouncing universes of the no-boundary quantum state: validity beyond the semiclassical minisuperspace derivation

    13. Rigorous foundations for the universal alignment of local thermodynamic arrows of time under weak interactions

    14. Justifying the Born–Oppenheimer/WKB construction of emergent semiclassical time in quantum geometrodynamics and delimiting the validity of its emergent time-dependent Schrödinger equation

    15. Classification of boundary conditions for local quantum and thermodynamic arrows of time in time-neutral quantum mechanics

    16. Entropy accumulation and the quantum-field viability of the cyclic dust-phantom universe in loop quantum cosmology

    17. Dynamical account of the inversion of the arrow of time at the bounce of a geodesically complete FLRW universe

    18. Arrow of time and inter-sheet correlations in the emergent Big-Bounce cosmology of the IKKT matrix model

    19. Survival of primordial standard clock signals through the cosmological bounce in alternatives to inflation

    20. Entropy reset, quantum information, and Hawking points at the aeon crossover in conformal cyclic cosmology

    量子到客观经典世界子系统、局域性与优选可观测量15 个问题

    1. Determining a preferred tensor product structure from the Hamiltonian and a state alone: operational, dimension-free, and time-compatible uniqueness

    2. Minimal non-spectral data determining a physically meaningful tensor product structure of Hilbert space

    3. What determines the subsystem decomposition of a general covariant quantum system: canonical tensor product structure, selection criteria for observable subalgebras, and their rigorous extension beyond finite dimensions

    4. Weakened Hilbert-space fundamentalism after the no-go results: invariant non-unique tensor product structures, the physical symmetry group, and the limits of spectral decodability

    5. Boundary of quantum-Darwinism-supporting Hamiltonians beyond the two-body finite-dimensional asymptotic classification

    6. Dynamical selection of stable pointer bases and asymptotic spectrum broadcast structure under general system-environment interactions

    7. What grounds the autonomous non-unitary dynamics of quantum subsystems: the arrow-of-time input, the limits of dilation to unitary microphysics, and the discrimination of fundamental from environmental non-unitarity

    8. The preferred-realm problem: a physically justified selection principle or measure over tensor product structures admitting quasiclassical subsystems

    9. Quantum mereology: efficient, general, and stable construction of quasi-classical factorizations of Hilbert space

    10. Robustness of free-space detector transparency to Fock wavepackets and the operational meaning of free-space particles

    11. Extending the operational sectorwise LOCC framework for gauge theories to delocalized sources, the type-III continuum limit, and linearized quantum gravity

    12. Genuine pure decoherence: microscopic mechanisms, infrared singularities, and bath-structure dependence

    13. Assumption-free real-time path-integral calculation of Caldeira-Leggett decoherence beyond the Gaussian, Ohmic, high-temperature regime

    14. Generality and duration of the copycat regime in the early stages of einselection for general environmental operator structures

    15. Certifying the promotion of finite-time decoherence to stable classicality: a general criterion for einselected histories in equilibrated and energy-eigenstate quantum systems, and the scope of the Eigenstate Einselection Hypothesis

    量子到客观经典世界退相干、记录与客观性13 个问题

    1. Relaxed objectivization in noisy, self-evolving environments: stability, retrievability, and determination of the generalized pointer (indicator) basis

    2. Dynamical conditions for the equivalence of quantum Darwinism with spectrum broadcast structure

    3. What makes emergent classicality stable against local control operations? Open questions from a toy model that passes all prevailing classicality criteria

    4. Consensus between environment fragments beyond the branching-state regime in quantum Darwinism

    5. Operational completion of the compatibility criterion for emergent classical objectivity: statistically rigorous Kirkwood-Dirac tests, approximate criteria with timescales, and emergence conditions for Quantum Darwinism

    6. Inter-fragment consensus beyond branching states: characterizing the refined-mutual-information consensus measures for pre-correlated, interacting, and inadequately decohered environments

    7. Scope and robustness of strong quantum Darwinism: departure regimes from mutual-information quantum Darwinism, objectivity with correlated subenvironments, and scalable diagnostics

    8. A quantitative theory of the redundancy-consensus gap in quantum objectivity for nonlocally encoded information

    9. Direct observation of barrier-offset recombination fringes and separation of position noise from decoherence in bright-soliton interferometry

    10. Dominant decoherence channel and performance limits of guided large-momentum-transfer (Bragg–Bloch–Bragg) matter-wave interferometry in a miniature physics package

    11. Preexisting bath correlations, non-Markovian information backflow, and the capacity of many-body environments to host redundant classical records

    12. Extending the falsification-based macroscopicity measure of quantum superposition tests: classicalizing modifications of QED for photonic experiments, general likelihood reduction for many-body systems, and separation of heating-only from coherence evidence

    13. Experimental certification and tractable computation of macroscopicness-of-information-content (MIC) measures for macroscopic quantum states

    量子到客观经典世界单次结果、Born概率与相对论测量21 个问题

    1. Eigenvalue-1 decomposability and norm-1 informational completeness of quantum observables in infinite dimensions

    2. Coherence and entanglement trade-offs for information gain in quantum measurement with non-orthogonal apparatus records

    3. Necessary and sufficient conditions for vanishing Lüders-type quantum discord and the operational meaning of the normalized POVM coherence functional

    4. Macroscopic selection of a unique measurement outcome and its relation to meter quantum coherence (the problem of outcomes in quantum measurement)

    5. Completing the spectrum-broadcast-structure theory of quantum objectivity: approximate conditions, partial objectivization, and experimental certification

    6. Completing the quantum objectivity of reference frames: covariant agreement with non-disturbance for group-valued information

    7. Robust spectrum broadcast structure: quantitative error bounds, partial decoherence, and experimental verification of quantum objectivity

    8. Minimality and non-circularity of the supplementary assumptions in the envariance-based derivation of the Born rule

    9. Grounding noncontextual probability for non-spacelike-separated measurements: the physical origin of the Born rule beyond the spacelike no-signalling argument

    10. The Everettian probability problem: deriving the Born rule and the Principal Principle from the non-probabilistic postulates of Everettian quantum mechanics

    11. Completing the additivity audit of Born-rule derivations: the refined Deutsch–Wallace and Farhi–Goldstone–Gutmann proofs, Bohmian typicality and QBist coherence, and the physical status of non-contextuality and continuity as substitutes for additivity

    12. Well-definedness and robustness of Kent's late-time-measurement beables beyond toy models

    13. Uniqueness, axiom equivalences, and extension to realistic quantum field theories for the curved Born rule on arbitrary Cauchy surfaces

    14. Lorentz-covariant particle-jump ontology for entangled quantum systems without a preferred frame or Hardy-type contradictions (Wechsler 2022)

    15. Regulator removal and renormalization of causally transparent spacetime measurement probes in quantum field theory

    16. Einstein causality of the Tomonaga-Schwinger slice-based measurement update rule beyond the instantaneous, irreversible, interaction-picture idealisations

    17. Operational status of the projection postulate: linearity, exclusion principles, and correlations in generalised state-update theories

    18. Probability-valued probes with compositional renormalization for local and compositional measurements in quantum field theory

    19. The epsilon-to-zero ideal limit and composite-measurement semantics of causal continuous-outcome measurements of quantum field operators

    20. Operational separability of spacelike-separated local algebras in algebraic quantum field theory: its relation to operational independence, the W*-analogue, general spacetime regions, and complete characterization

    21. Causal Stinespring theorem for local quantum field measurements: the operational characterization of physically implementable local operations in QFT

    量子到客观经典世界历史、轨迹与分支16 个问题

    1. Quantitative theory of redundant records of consistent histories: the objective quantum past for mixed states and imperfect environments

    2. Open problems of the extended-probability ensemble formulation of decoherent histories quantum mechanics with one real fine-grained history

    3. Physical axioms for the decoherence functional: composition, the real landscape, and the higher levels of the Sorkin hierarchy

    4. Universal multiple-branching (branching-tree) structures and their robustness bounds for Quantum Darwinism beyond single-event decoherence

    5. Rigorous continuous-time limit and error control for collision-model quantum filtering with superposed-coherent input states

    6. Stochastic limits of quantum repeated measurements with memory: higher dimensions, general memory scalings, and uniform error control

    7. Detector-dependence of quantum jumps: loophole-free EPR-steering test refuting objective pure-state dynamical models

    8. Rigorous convergence theory for controlled discrete quantum filtering and feedback models as the time step vanishes

    9. Physically realizing the time-continuous measurement interpretation of general Gaussian non-Markovian quantum unravelings

    10. Quasiclassical realm selection: a completed dynamics-informed classicality measure and optimization over full sets of strongly decohering histories

    11. Rigorous data-certified mixing rates for monitored Lindblad dynamics: embedding-error control and finite-sample statistics of the Doeblin data-to-rate pipeline

    12. Operational distinguishability of quantum unravelings via nonlinear trajectory averages

    13. Set selection for consistent histories in the quasiclassical limit: excluding Zeno-type pathological sets while recovering unique classical inferences

    14. Unifying probabilities for incompatible consistent sets of histories: general existence, uniqueness, and the persistence of quasiclassicality

    15. Validity, rigorous construction, and reach of the Feynman–Vernon to Wiener measure mapping for quantum-induced stochastic dynamics

    16. Rigorous domain of validity of the van Hove weak-coupling master equation with initially correlated states: mixing (including nonequilibrium steady state) reservoirs, weak mixing with singular-continuous spectrum, and higher-order corrections

    量子到客观经典世界经典动力学与统计极限9 个问题

    1. Predictive characterization of the quantum-classical correspondence window for coherent-state-measurement trajectories: ℏ\hbar-scalings, higher-order Moyal corrections, and optimal measurement cadence

    2. Generality of the D∼ℏ4/3D \sim \hbar^{4/3} threshold for quantum-classical correspondence beyond the Ehrenfest time: Anosov flows, generic chaos, mixed initial states, and noise robustness

    3. Optimal measurement window, convergence rates, and beyond-Ehrenfest behavior for quantum trajectories of repeatedly measured quantum maps

    4. Routes to thermalization in isolated non-integrable quantum systems: shrinking eigenstate-observable support versus persistent rare non-thermal eigenstates with weakly biased diagonal weights

    5. Foundations of Observable Statistical Mechanics: analytic derivation of observable-specific energies, operational meaning of observable temperature and free energy, rigorous Markovian dynamics, and validity boundaries of the Maximum Observable Entropy Principle

    6. Coherence-limited validity of the thermal-noise replacement in the dissipative quantum kicked-rotor ratchet and its semiclassical crossover

    7. Completing the Petz–Bayes correspondence between quantum reversibility and classical reverse diffusion: higher-order semiclassical structure, Wigner-negativity domain, and regime extensions

    8. Entropy-increasing quantum maps realizing the classical high-entropy limit: classification, uniform entropy increment, necessity of phase-space stretching, and the uniqueness of quantum mechanics

    9. Minimal grain size and admissible states for positivity of the Frieden–Soffer measurement-derived one-dimensional coarse graining of the Wigner distribution

    η→π+π−e+e−\eta\to\pi^+\pi^-e^+e^-衰变中的CP破坏及相关问题3 个问题

    1. Flavor-conserving CP violation in η and η′ muonic decays: SMEFT operator reach versus neutron-EDM constraints at high-luminosity η factories

      未解决约 36 年

    2. η→π+π−μ+μ− after its first observation: precision branching-fraction determination and the CP-odd φ_πℓ asymmetry

      未解决约 3 年

    3. Flavor-conserving CP violation in η→π+π−e+e−\eta\to\pi^+\pi^-e^+e^-: measuring the decay-plane asymmetry AφA_\varphi at the 10−210^{-2} level

      未解决约 24 年
    γ\gamma射线暴能源5 个问题

    1. Central engines of ultra-long gamma-ray bursts: robust classification beyond T90T_{90}

      未解决约 13 年

    2. Survival fraction, lifetimes, and nebular emission physics of long-lived magnetar remnants in short gamma-ray bursts

      未解决约 3 年

    3. The central engine of energetic dirty fireballs: relative contributions of NDAF neutrino-annihilation and Blandford–Znajek jets to baryon-loaded low-Γ transients such as EP241113a

      未解决约 13 年

    4. Collimation of the late-time magnetar wind and the total energy budget of magnetar-powered gamma-ray bursts

      未解决约 8 年

    5. Closing the assumption gap in Blandford–Znajek constraints on gamma-ray burst inner engines

      未解决约 7 年
    1 PeV1\,\mathrm{PeV}以上宇宙线的成分7 个问题

    1. Taming the cosmic-ray composition uncertainty beyond the knee: predicting the diffuse Galactic neutrino flux at PeV energies and the diffuse gamma-ray flux from GeV to PeV

      未解决约 9 年

    2. Elemental decomposition of the cosmic-ray spectrum across the PeV knee and the physical origin of the knee

      未解决约 68 年

    3. The absolute mean mass of cosmic-ray primaries at 2-10 PeV: determination and reconciliation of conflicting estimates around the knee

      未解决约 68 年

    4. Origin of the cosmic-ray knee: nuclear composition versus a strangelet-dominated flux from 1 to 200 PeV

      未解决约 13 年

    5. Progenitor-mass-distribution origin of the cosmic-ray knee: completing and testing the black-hole-progenitor population model

      未解决约 11 年

    6. Mass composition of cosmic rays across the second knee and the Galactic-to-extragalactic transition (10^16-10^18 eV)

      未解决约 19 年

    7. The origin of the large light-mass component of cosmic rays at 101710^{17}-1017.510^{17.5} eV: a second Galactic population or an early extragalactic component

      未解决约 10 年
    1+11+1 维因子化散射4 个问题

    1. Convergence of the Zamolodchikov-Faddeev expansion: local operators affiliated with double-cone algebras in 1+1-dimensional integrable quantum field theories with non-constant scattering function

    2. Emergent Yang–Baxter factorization, elliptic deformations, and rapidity periodicity at the boundary of the two-dimensional S-matrix bootstrap (supersymmetric, Z2\mathbb{Z}_2, and Z4\mathbb{Z}_4 setups)

    3. First-principles derivation of the non-trivial exchange relations behind modified crossing for the Zamolodchikov-Faddeev algebra: the massless sector of the mixed-flux AdS3 x S3 x T4 superstring

    4. Completing the operator-algebraic construction of two-dimensional integrable quantum field theories with bound-state S-matrix poles: strongly commuting wedge-local fields, Borchers triples, and nontrivial local algebras

    KK 矩阵3 个问题

    1. Universal K-matrix for the alternating central extension of the qq-Onsager algebra: existence and identification with fused K-operators (Conjecture 1 of Lemarthe--Baseilhac--Gainutdinov)

    2. Structural open problems for the general two-parameter higher-spin six-vertex K-matrix: compact form, positivity, q-oscillator matrix-product construction, and non-integer spin weights

    3. Completing the K-matrix classification program: trigonometric extension, non-quasi-classical solutions, and their role in integrable initial states

    KK核深束缚态存在吗？4 个问题

    1. Quantitative determination of the lightest antikaon-nuclear quasibound state KˉNN\bar{K}NN (K−ppK^-pp): binding energy, width, and consistency with the subthreshold KˉN\bar{K}N interaction

      未解决约 24 年

    2. Origin of the deep-binding event excess in the 12C(K−,p)^{12}\mathrm{C}(K^-, p) missing-mass spectrum: bound excited-hyperon–nucleus state versus multinucleon absorption dynamics

      未解决约 7 年

    3. Origin of the deeply bound event excess in the 12C(K−,p){}^{12}\mathrm{C}(K^{-},p) missing-mass spectrum: Y∗Y^{*}-nucleus binding versus reaction mechanisms, and the in-medium Kˉ\bar{K}-nucleus dynamics that decide it

      未解决约 5 年

    4. Microscopic multi-nucleon K−K^- absorption in the nuclear interior and the widths of antikaon nuclear quasi-bound states

      未解决约 9 年
    q≤4q\le4 连续相变2 个问题

    1. Asymptotic fate of the two-peak energy histograms at the marginal four-state Potts critical point and their lattice-geometry dependence

    2. Rigorous changeover threshold and critical behavior of the honeycomb round-the-face Potts model

      未解决约 8 年
    q=4q=4 对数修正3 个问题

    1. Analytic origin of the 1/log⁡(LM)1/\log(LM) finite-size correction to the four-state Potts spin-cluster crossing probability

      未解决约 7 年

    2. Universal amplitude ratios of the two-dimensional 4-state Potts universality class: reconciling two-kink field-theory predictions with lattice determinations

      未解决约 28 年

    3. Logarithmic finite-size corrections to Gu–Wen partition-function ratios at the c = 1 four-state Potts critical point

      未解决不足 1 年
    q>4q>4 一级相变2 个问题

    1. Exact winding-loop rate for the critical planar random-cluster model with q>4q>4: proving equality in Duminil-Copin–Gagnebin–Harel–Manolescu–Tassion's bound (3.15) using only the random-cluster model

      未解决约 9 年

    2. Does quenched bond randomness eliminate the spontaneous-magnetization jump of the two-dimensional Q-state Potts model with Q>4? (Aizenman–Wehr rounding beyond the energy density)

    QQ 函数零点与 Bethe 根3 个问题

    1. Unproved conjectures for the QQ-functions of sl^2\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}_2 Gaudin λ\lambda-opers: coincidence with the monster-potential QQ-functions of the ODE/IM correspondence, classification of Bethe Ansatz solutions, and zeros

      未解决约 2 年

    2. Extending the inner-product construction of Q-functions in the ODE/IM correspondence to complex Bethe roots, coset potentials, and the massive case

      未解决约 6 年

    3. Completeness of the Bethe ansatz equations for the periodic spin-1/2 XXX chain: the singular-solution counting relation, individual solution counts, and the fate of unphysical solutions in the thermodynamic limit

      未解决约 12 年
    qq 态 Potts 模型3 个问题

    1. Boundary conditions of the qq-state Potts model on random planar maps: dual-theory loop functions, the p=3/2p=3/2 boundary condition and the 'New' boundary state, and the q≥4q\ge4 regime

      未解决约 6 年

    2. Completing the exact solution of the one-dimensional J1J_1–J2J_2 frustrated Potts chain: subleading transfer-matrix spectrum, correlation-level status of the field-driven mapping, and noninteger qq

      未解决约 1 年

    3. Exact critical coupling of the q-state Potts model on the kagome lattice

      未解决约 47 年
    qq-级数2 个问题

    1. Fermionic sum sides for Wr\mathcal{W}_r minimal-model characters and rr-cylindric partition generating functions at ranks r≥4r\geq 4

    2. Modular transformation, asymptotics, and thermodynamics of the finite-central-charge partial-theta Generalized Gibbs Ensemble of the quantum Benjamin-Ono2 hierarchy

    QQQQ-system3 个问题

    1. Completeness and faithfulness of the extended Q-system for simply-laced integrable spin chains: bijection with the Bethe algebra beyond type A

      未解决约 6 年

    2. Massless modes at finite coupling and the rigorous foundation of the Quantum Spectral Curve for AdS3×S3×T4

      未解决约 4 年

    3. Tableau-sum versus Wronskian-determinant T-functions for the Uq(gl^(M∣N))U_q(\widehat{gl}(M|N)) T-system: the general Young-diagram case of Tsuboi's Conjecture 3.5

      未解决约 17 年
    RR 矩阵3 个问题

    1. Rigorous verification of the Yang–Baxter equation for the elliptic R-matrix of the XX spin chain in a staggered magnetic field

      未解决约 1 年

    2. Classification of integrable nearest-neighbour spin chains with local site dimension d>2d>2 and the graded/non-graded correspondence

      未解决约 7 年

    3. Unitary Yang–Baxter operators: classification by three generating sources, localization, and virtual abelianness of braid images

    RLLRLL 关系3 个问题

    1. Completion of the orthogonal and symplectic Yangian R-operator program: evaluation-representation classification, normalization and regularization of the spinorial/metaplectic R-operator

      未解决约 10 年

    2. Recovering the ordinary RLL relation for MPO-dual integrable lattice models: classifying the nilpotent obstructions

      未解决不足 1 年

    3. Rigorous identification of the Yang-Baxter (RLL) algebra of the Maulik-Okounkov R-matrix with the affine Yangian of gl^(1)\widehat{\mathfrak{gl}}(1) by factorization over its infinite-dimensional center

    TTˉT\bar T 与可积形变2 个问题

    1. First-principles action-level description of TTˉT\bar T-deformed integrable field theories with boundaries: the deformed boundary term, boundary-deforming operators, and the flow of boundary couplings δa\delta_a

    2. Lattice realization of TTˉT\bar T-type current-current deformations of integrable spin chains: finite-volume exactness, the momentum-energy deformation, and the continuum limit

    T→0T\to0 临界行为2 个问题

    1. Hybrid scaling in the overlapping critical regions of classical and quantum Yang-Lee edge singularities: multi-region coexistence, non-equilibrium dynamics, and experimental validation

      未解决约 1 年

    2. Quantum annealed criticality beyond the isotropic limit: anisotropic elasticity, dipolar interactions, domain physics, and quantitative tests of the generalized Larkin–Pikin framework

      未解决约 8 年
    t1/3t^{1/3} 涨落标度2 个问题

    1. KPZ universality of stationary current correlations: the scaling form of the density correlator S(j,t)S(j,t) and the −∣t∣−4/3-|t|^{-4/3} decay of the current correlator h(t)h(t) for non-reversible one-dimensional lattice gases

    2. Asymptotic fate and universal height statistics of the 2D-to-1D dimensional crossover in Kardar-Parisi-Zhang growth on strongly rectangular substrates

    TT-system2 个问题

    1. Functional relations for non-local charges from perturbed defects in 2d CFT: T-/Y-systems and exact spectra for the (1,7)-perturbations of Virasoro minimal models

      未解决约 1 年

    2. Interpretation and independence of the non-TT-system relations of the GL^3\widehat{GL}_3 3Q-system, and multiple orthogonal polynomials in the general three-series case

      未解决约 10 年

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