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    Disciplines / Research questions

    Physics

    691 research topics · 2739 questions

    Will Transistors Stop Developing?6 questions

    1. Validity and mechanistic basis of a sub-exponential (logarithmic-integral) successor to Moore's and Koomey's laws

      Open for about 4 years

    2. Contacted-poly-pitch scaling limits of gate-all-around nanosheet CMOS: how much lateral-pitch scaling remains, and is the reported contact-limited floor a hard physical limit or a transient of current contact technology?

      Open for less than 1 year

    3. Completing a system-level, uncertainty-quantified benchmarking methodology for beyond-CMOS logic devices

      Open for about 13 years

    4. Can a ferroelectric negative-capacitance FET act as a genuine steady-state steep-slope logic switch?

      Open for about 18 years

    5. Closing the gap between ab initio upper bounds and realistic devices for ultimately scaled 2D-material CMOS: contacts, oxide disorder, variability, and experimental validation of HfS2/ZrS2\mathrm{HfS}_2/\mathrm{ZrS}_2 MOSFETs and the dynamically doped FET

      Open for about 5 years

    6. Lasting negative composite gate-insulator capacitance in ferroelectric-gate field-effect transistors

      Open for about 18 years
    Exact mass spectra2 questions

    1. Fate of the S-matrix poles and the inelastic phase of the high-temperature Ising field theory: the open problems of Ising Spectroscopy II

    2. Mass gap and exact solvability of the three-dimensional quantum crystal (coupled, interlaced XXZ chains)

    Does the fine-structure constant α\alpha vary over time?2 questions

    1. Varying fine-structure constant: what mechanism can reconcile a high-redshift detection with local atomic-clock bounds

      Open for about 25 years

    2. Discriminating spatial from temporal variation of the fine-structure constant

      Open for about 14 years
    Local Probability3 questions

    1. The ψ\psi–ψ\psi sector of height correlations and the local c=−2c=-2 logarithmic conformal field theory of the two-dimensional Abelian sandpile model

    2. Universality of boundary height probabilities in the two-dimensional Abelian sandpile beyond height zero: the Jeng–Piroux–Ruelle linear relations, lattice symmetry conditions, and mixed boundary conditions

    3. Algebraic Bethe ansatz construction of multiple-integral representations of multi-point local height probabilities for the unrestricted solid-on-solid model

    Local Quantum Inverse Problems4 questions

    1. Completing the quantum inverse problem in separation of variables: reconstruction of all local operators and their form factors for the open spin-1/2 XXZ chain with non-diagonal boundaries

      Open for about 14 years

    2. Quantum inverse problem and determinant form factors for the antiperiodic XXZ spin-s chain by quantum separation of variables

      Open for about 14 years

    3. The quantum inverse problem in separation of variables: dual-variable operator representations beyond the Toda chain, the homogeneous limit, and correlation functions

      Open for about 23 years

    4. Quantum inverse problem for local operators in continuum quantum gases solvable by the nested Bethe ansatz (Gaudin–Yang model)

      Open for about 5 years
    Local Consistency and Three-Body Scattering Consistency1 questions

    1. Exact diffractive three-particle scattering in one dimension for arbitrary nonintegrable contact couplings, its finite-range validity, and kinetic consequences

    Quantum Cryptography Communication with Absolute Secrecy6 questions

    1. Independent security determination and pre-shared-key cost of probability key distribution (PKD)

      Open for about 2 years

    2. Restoring rigorous detector-side-channel security to detector-device-independent quantum key distribution

      Open for about 11 years

    3. Non-asymptotic security completion of measurement-device-independent quantum secure direct communication: finite-key secrecy capacity, public-randomization leakage, and device-level characterization of the gain gap

      Open for about 6 years

    4. Removing the superfluous key-length factor from the algebraic composable finite-key bounds for generalized BB84 and extending the proof beyond BB84-like protocols

      Open for about 4 years

    5. Rigorous security analysis of unconditionally secured classical key distribution via quantum superposition and unitary transformation (USCKD): proof or break of the double Mach–Zehnder protocol

      Open for about 8 years

    6. Certification-grade composable security proof of decoy-state BB84 under realistic source and detector imperfections, via modular proof components

      Open for about 1 year
    Characteristics of Fusion Reactor Structures and Functional Materials6 questions

    1. Unresolved embrittlement mechanisms of neutron-irradiated ITER-specification tungsten: fracture-mode diversity, grain-boundary pores, Re/Os transmutation segregation, post-irradiation thermal-exposure artifacts, and true grain size

      Open for about 5 years

    2. Simultaneous qualification of structural materials, first-wall/divertor components, and plant architecture for a commercially reliable fusion power plant

      Open for about 21 years

    3. Microstructural mechanisms and fluence limits of neutron-irradiation embrittlement of potassium-doped and rhenium-alloyed tungsten

      Open for about 5 years

    4. Microscopic deuterium trapping sites and retention mechanisms in advanced tungsten-based plasma-facing materials (W–V, W–Y2O3, W–ZrC)

      Open for about 8 years

    5. Microstructural origin of neutron-irradiation hardening in pure and ZrC-reinforced tungsten and the transferability of BR2 fission-reactor data to fusion service conditions

      Open for about 6 years

    6. Nuclear-grade SiC/SiC composites under the coupled fusion first-wall irradiation environment: simultaneous displacement damage, helium, hydrogen, and solid transmutants to end-of-life dose

      Open for about 15 years
    Polymer Crystal Growth Dynamics6 questions

    1. Molecular origins of polymer crystal growth rates and regime transitions: replacing the phenomenological parameters of the Lauritzen-Hoffman growth equation with a quantitative molecular account

      Open for about 66 years

    2. Precursor location and structure for secondary nuclei in lamellar polymer crystal growth

      Open for about 6 years

    3. Open questions in the growth, structure, and dynamics of poly[3-(2'-ethylhexyl)thiophene] (P3EHT) crystals: validity of the extended one-dimensional Avrami kinetics model, unconstrained all-atom structure determination, multi-spin double-quantum NMR distance bounds, and the mechanism of thickness-dependent crystallization

      Open for about 6 years

    4. Microscopic foundation of the kinetic chain-folding mechanism in polymer crystallization: stem-formation and attachment-rate parameters, entanglement effects, and lamellar thickening kinetics

      Open for about 13 years

    5. Molecular-Weight Dependence of Polymer Crystallization: Decomposing the Nucleation-Rate Scaling and Identifying the Active Heterogeneous Nucleation Sites

      Open for about 19 years

    6. Unified self-poisoning theory of polymer crystal growth: simultaneous stem lengths and polydisperse polymers

      Open for about 2 years
    Adiabatic Quantum Computing8 questions

    1. A fault-tolerance threshold theorem for adiabatic quantum computation under simultaneous decoherence and control errors

      Open for about 19 years

    2. Optimal spectral gap and minimal local dimension for universal adiabatic quantum computation: the surviving open core of the Aharonov–van Dam–Kempe–Landau–Lloyd–Regev open questions

      Open for about 22 years

    3. Clean inverse-square spectral-gap dependence for rigorous elementary quantum adiabatic runtime bounds

      Open for about 20 years

    4. Asymptotic scaling of the minimum spectral gap of the quantum-walk-inspired adiabatic algorithm for graph isomorphism

      Open for about 12 years

    5. Thermally assisted adiabatic quantum computation beyond the two-level Markovian anticrossing: multi-level spectra, non-Markovian and low-frequency-noise environments, and physically realizable super-Ohmic baths

      Open for about 18 years

    6. Extending eigenstate-ansatz and Weyl-decomposition spectral gap bounds to modified circuit-to-Hamiltonian constructions

      Open for about 7 years

    7. Quantitative minimum-gap scaling for no-crossing adiabatic Hamiltonians: the efficiency problem of the Zhang–Yu–Tong gap theorem

      Open for about 11 years

    8. Computational Power of Constant-Gap Adiabatic Quantum Computation in More Than One Dimension

      Open for about 17 years
    Open Quantum Spin Chains3 questions

    1. Polynomiality and mutual commutativity of the Baxter Q-operator for the open XXZ chain with diagonal boundaries (Vlaar-Weston, Conjecture 6.3)

    2. Reflection KK-matrices for the multiparametric and general twisted orthosymplectic vertex models Uq[osp(2)(2n+2∣2m)]U_q[\mathrm{osp}^{(2)}(2n+2|2m)]

    3. Boundary roots and strong zero modes in the gapped open XXZ chain: operatorial identity and statistical-mechanical fate

    Acoustic Scattering in Granular Media7 questions

    1. Elastic wave transmission in polydisperse and disordered granular packings: pressure and disorder dependence, P-S mode conversion, rotational-mode branches, and micro-based continuum dynamics

      Open for about 18 years

    2. Approach of a three-dimensional granular packing to the sonic-vacuum limit under isotropic low confinement pressure

      Open for about 6 years

    3. Predictive mapping from granular microphysics to effective wavenumber-domain diffusion for wave scattering at a granular–elastic solid interface

      Open for less than 1 year

    4. Ramsauer–Townsend resonances in precompressed granular chains: general impurity arrangements and disorder

      Open for about 10 years

    5. Time-reversal fidelity versus coda arrival time and targeted interior high-amplitude focusing of ultrasound in granular packings

      Open for about 10 years

    6. Anomalous acoustic absorption and structural control of the transparency window in dense granular suspensions

      Open for less than 1 year

    7. Vector-elastic, three-dimensional, and boundary-aware extension of RTE-based grain-scale inversion in granular media

      Open for about 1 year
    Dynamics and Statistical Mechanics Description of Granular Matter7 questions

    1. A physically measurable granular temperature for dense granular flows: bulk inference from dense tracers and a classification of fluctuation contributions

      Open for about 5 years

    2. Open problems of granular solid hydrodynamics: principled determination of transport coefficients and energy closures, the Edwards-statistics limit, and the range of validity

      Open for about 17 years

    3. Closing the μ(I,Θ)μ(I,Θ) rheology of dense granular flows: a validated fluctuation-energy balance for granular temperature and the universality of the exponent pp

      Open for about 6 years

    4. The granular potential beyond the Edwards volume ensemble: equilibrium criteria, protocol dependence, and measurement in higher dimensions

      Open for about 4 years

    5. History memory and minimal state variables for tapped granular media

      Open for about 37 years

    6. Precollisional velocity correlations, inelastic collapse, and the validity of the Boltzmann description of the strongly inelastic homogeneous cooling state

      Open for about 19 years

    7. Microscopic theory of the zero-temperature jamming transition in frictional, polydisperse granular packs: structural signatures, force-chain buckling, and protocol-dependent length scales

      Open for about 16 years
    Amplifiable Spin-Polarized Transistors4 questions

    1. Quantifying and realizing the bifurcation-based spin-current amplifier: achievable spin gain, input-polarization threshold, noise limits, and clocked operation at room temperature

      Open for about 17 years

    2. Power gain and transistor operation in a three-terminal GaMnAs quantum-well double-barrier resonant-tunneling spin device

      Open for about 16 years

    3. Magnetocurrent sign control and power amplification in the GaMnAs-based semiconductor spin hot-carrier transistor

      Open for about 19 years

    4. Realizability of the zigzag-graphene-nanoribbon bipolar spin diode and spin transistor: finite-temperature edge magnetism, contact and disorder nonidealities, and practical voltage gain

      Open for about 15 years
    Integrable Initial States3 questions

    1. Rigorous derivation of the finite-interaction overlap formula for integrable initial states of the one-dimensional Hubbard model

    2. Integrable boundary states and exact overlap formulas for the Haldane-Shastry spin chain: analytical quench dynamics for a long-range integrable model

    3. Equivalence of the three integrability notions for matrix product states, the reducible/non-invertible boundary intertwiners, and the spectra of the double-row quantum transfer matrices

    Integrable Models as Benchmarks for Numerical Algorithms3 questions

    1. Rigorous convergence and error theory for imaginary-time matrix product state algorithms in the thermodynamic and gapless regimes

    2. Origin of the T=2T=2 superfluid-boundary shift in the tensor-network annealing algorithm for two-dimensional thermal states

    3. Formal theory and domain of validity of the transfer-matrix–effective-Hamiltonian spectral correspondence in finite-entanglement matrix product states

    Integrable Defects2 questions

    1. Momentum-conserving type-II defects for the exceptional simply-laced affine Toda field theories e6(1)e_6^{(1)}, e7(1)e_7^{(1)}, e8(1)e_8^{(1)} and their defect Lax pairs

    2. Integrability of the Boussinesq equation with momentum-conserving defects, and the origin of its anomalous soliton-defect scattering

    Integrable relevant perturbations3 questions

    1. Finite-size generators for weak integrability breaking in the Heisenberg chain: asymptotic scaling, quasi-locality, and exact recovery of the boost-generated adiabatic gauge potential

    2. Geometry of the space of integrable two-dimensional quantum field theories: tangent-space classification, UV completion of CDD-deformed theories, and locality of the form-factor expansion

    3. Nonperturbative validity, anomaly refinement, and model-class extensions of the quantum integrability index for two-dimensional sigma models

    How Do Quarks and Gluons Form Nucleons?6 questions

    1. Which gluons constitute the nucleon: the binding-versus-valence gluon question in QCD spin and momentum decompositions

      Open for about 15 years

    2. Completing the proton spin decomposition: small-x gluon helicity, chiral and one-gluon-exchange corrections to the quark spin, and the orbital angular momentum of quarks and gluons

      Open for about 38 years

    3. Robustness of double-logarithmic small-xx saturation of the proton spin sum rule: exact amplitudes, uncertainty budget, and orbital angular momentum

      Open for about 2 years

    4. Force-type matrix elements behind the twist-four gravitational form factors in the QCD mass decomposition of the proton and pion

      Open for less than 1 year

    5. Momentum-transfer dependence of the quark and gluon gravitational form factors of the nucleon: gluon multipole shape, large-∣t∣|t| behavior, and microscopic origin

      Open for about 2 years

    6. Which gauge-invariant Cho–Duan–Ge decomposition of the nucleon spin is physically realized: discriminating observables for the binding-gluon versus valence-gluon split

      Open for about 15 years
    Quark Stars6 questions

    1. Can color-spin-locked quark matter hidden in compact stars power fast radio bursts? Ground-state competition, flux-expulsion dynamics, and emission efficiency

      Open for about 1 year

    2. Robust adjudication between the neutron-star and self-bound quark-star scenarios for compact stars

      Open for about 42 years

    3. Viability of self-bound colour-flavour-locked quark stars for HESS J1731-347, GW190814, and GW170817 under rapid rotation, flavour-dependent parameters, and perturbative-QCD consistency

      Open for about 3 years

    4. Existence and observational identification of quark stars: determining the cold dense quark-matter equation of state (including the bag constant) from QCD, and distinguishing quark stars from neutron stars

      Open for about 54 years

    5. Vacuum-pressure treatment and chemical-potential-dependent dynamical mass in the CJT/Dyson-Schwinger quark-matter equation of state for compact stars

      Open for about 15 years

    6. Neutron star or quark star: the nature of the compact object in the eclipsing accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar Swift J1749.4-2807

      Open for about 16 years
    Ion Trap Quantum Computing5 questions

    1. Fault-tolerance completion and error-model validation of the SDQC shuttling-based distributed trapped-ion quantum computing architecture

      Open for less than 1 year

    2. A rigorous methodology for comparing component-level and system-level benchmark performance of quantum computers

      Open for about 6 years

    3. Energetic quantum advantage of trapped-ion quantum computation under fault-tolerant, realistic-architecture accounting

      Open for about 2 years

    4. Feasibility window of the ion-tweezer quantum computer architecture: anharmonic gate dynamics, optical trap noise, and temperature robustness of the displacement and dipole-blockade gates

      Open for less than 1 year

    5. Scaling the Quantum Spring Array trapped-ion architecture: origin of dual-RF transport heating, control-channel requirements, extension of transversal gates, and fault-tolerance overheads

      Open for about 2 years
    Particle Flow and Current Fluctuations1 questions

    1. Large deviations of multiple absorption currents of interacting diffusing particles: additivity, vorticity, and extensions beyond the linearized regime

    Continuously Varying Critical Exponents4 questions

    1. Super universality hypothesis: rigorous status, domain of validity, and diagnostics for continuously varying critical exponents

      Open for about 3 years

    2. Microscopic identification of the marginal interaction driving beyond-weak-universality variation of critical exponents in substitution-tuned manganites

      Open for about 10 years

    3. Electric critical exponents of the symmetric 16-vertex model on its self-dual critical line: analytic determination and mechanism of full nonuniversality

      Open for about 33 years

    4. Nonperturbative fate of interactions and the tricritical point on the infinite-randomness critical line of the random XYZ spin chain

      Open for about 5 years
    Key Scientific Questions in Continuous Variable Quantum Information3 questions

    1. Trace-norm universality of the Lloyd–Braunstein polynomial-Hamiltonian gate set for continuous-variable quantum computation, and a non-Gaussian Solovay–Kitaev theorem

      Open for about 4 years

    2. Performance limits of single-mode bosonic quantum codes under relaxed energy and noise assumptions

      Open for about 9 years

    3. Open questions in quantifying non-Gaussianity of continuous-variable states and operations: measure relations, operational bounds, and the single-mode Hilbert–Schmidt limit

      Open for about 19 years
    Transport of Two-Phase Fluids in Porous Media7 questions

    1. Deriving the maximum-mobility principle for immiscible viscous fingering in porous media

      Open for about 5 years

    2. Connectivity-based hysteresis modeling of two-phase flow in porous media: extension to compressible fluids and wetting-film flow, lithology-generic parameterization, and field-scale validation

      Open for about 11 years

    3. Entropy solutions and traveling-wave stability for two-phase porous-media fronts with hysteresis and dynamic capillarity: the non-monotone flux regime and the large-dynamic-capillarity instability

      Open for about 6 years

    4. Vanishing-capillarity limit of gravity-driven two-phase flow with capillary hysteresis: non-play-type closures, relative-permeability hysteresis, and rigorous convergence

      Open for about 5 years

    5. Ganglion breakup conditions and the limits of the mean-field viscous–capillary mobilization criterion for a trapped non-wetting fluid in 3D porous media

      Open for about 12 years

    6. Ostwald-ripening equilibrium in two-phase flow through porous media: predicting and validating equilibrium trapped saturation, capillary pressure, and relative permeability beyond the permanent-trapping picture

      Open for about 2 years

    7. Kinematic closures for two-fluid-phase flow in porous media: interfacial state equations, the interfacial velocity term, and slow-relaxation effects on imbibition and nonwetting-phase entrapment

      Open for about 11 years
    Quantum Measurement Problem and Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics4 questions

    1. Deciding between collapse for all observers and unitary evolution in isolated laboratories: the 1/121/12 versus 1/41/4 extended Wigner's-friend discrimination

      Open for about 41 years

    2. Quantum dilation of one-world hybrid classical-quantum dynamics: can every shared-noise classical-quantum description be reduced to an underlying fully quantum theory?

      Open for less than 1 year

    3. ψ-Ontology under weakened preparation independence: the status of the integral-past and exchangeability assumptions

      Open for about 11 years

    4. Semiclassical measurement schemes beyond the two-level proof of concept: continuous-spectrum observables, optimal accuracy, and wave-operator couplings

      Open for less than 1 year
    Exact Solutions in Quantum Field Theory7 questions

    1. Four-dimensional quantum Yang–Mills existence and mass gap: rigorous construction beyond small coupling and partial gauge fixing

      Open for about 26 years

    2. Scattering content of the non-quasi-free Wightman fields constructed by convex mixing of quasi-free functionals

      Open for about 8 years

    3. Rigorous construction of twist fields for the Gaussian free field: a bundle-valued free field on the base surface reproducing branched-cover partition functions

      Open for about 1 year

    4. Stochastic-classical loop expansions versus quantum loop amplitudes: the exact-equivalence classification and the dependent open program of Finster–Tolksdorf for ϕ4\phi^4 theory

      Open for about 14 years

    5. Existence of local observables for two-dimensional integrable quantum field theories with bound states: extending the operator-algebraic construction to factorizing S-matrices with poles in the physical strip

      Open for about 18 years

    6. Intertwiner existence and modular nuclearity for multi-component factorizing S-matrix models (including the O(N) nonlinear sigma models)

      Open for about 11 years

    7. Exact finite-volume diagonal matrix elements in the sine-Gordon model reformulated in TBA pseudo-energy language: toward extension to other non-diagonally scattering integrable QFTs

      Open for about 7 years
    Fundamental Problems in Quantum Field Theory7 questions

    1. Local and compositional measurements in quantum field theory: probability-valued probes, compositional renormalization, and extension beyond free linear bosonic theories

      Open for about 1 year

    2. Explicit symmetric gapping of the mirror sector in the 3+1D Spin(10) lattice Standard Model (symmetric mass generation)

      Open for about 7 years

    3. Finite-NN fate of the negative-coupling loophole: is four-dimensional scalar theory with negative quartic coupling non-trivial and asymptotically free at small NN?

      Open for about 53 years

    4. Benign Landau pole of the 3+1-dimensional O(N) model beyond leading large N: subleading 1/N corrections and the analytic continuation at finite temperature

      Open for about 3 years

    5. Yang–Mills existence and mass gap (Clay Millennium Prize problem)

      Open for about 26 years

    6. The algebraic Haag theorem without the split property, and Weiner's Conjecture 1.1 on standard half-sided modular inclusions

      Open for about 16 years

    7. A general theory of localized operations and measurements in algebraic quantum field theory: completing the causal interpretation of the causal axioms

      Open for about 33 years
    Research on Surface Catalysis of Metal Thin Films under Quantum Size Effects9 questions

    1. Quantum size effect in Cs adsorption on Cu(001) thin films: microscopic bonding, coverage dependence, and experimental validation beyond the Θ = 0.5 free-standing slab

      Open for about 19 years

    2. Quantum-size oscillation of the electronic decay length and oxidation reactivity of Mg(0001) films on W(110): realistic-interface theory and direct experimental verification of the electron-transfer mechanism

      Open for about 20 years

    3. Thickness-controlled synthesis of Rh–W ultrathin alloy nanosheets and the quantitative thickness dependence of their electronic descriptors and CO2 hydrogenation catalysis

      Open for about 9 years

    4. Atomic-scale structure–reactivity relationships for CO and hydrogen on cobalt Fischer–Tropsch nanoparticles: activation mechanism, sub-6-nm size effects, quantum-size effects, and adsorbate segregation

      Open for about 14 years

    5. Quantitative separation of quantum-size, Ru–Ru cohesion, and Ru–Pt bonding (with its epitaxial-strain component) contributions to the stability and surface reactivity of ultrathin Ru(0001) films on Pt(111)

      Open for about 11 years

    6. Universality of the Fermi-level decay-length descriptor and interface effects in quantum-size-modulated chemisorption on ultrathin metal films

      Open for about 14 years

    7. Quantitative mechanism of quantum-size-effect-tuned metalation of phthalocyanine on Pb(111) thin films

      Open for about 16 years

    8. Quantum size effects and atomic-hydrogen adsorption on Be(0001) thin films: mechanism and surface-property consequences of the oscillatory thickness dependence

      Open for about 19 years

    9. Experimental verification of the quantum size effect in atomic hydrogen adsorption on Mg(0001) ultrathin films

      Open for about 19 years
    Quantum quenches2 questions

    1. Asymptotic inversion, quasi-locality, and string-charge relations for the full fusion hierarchy of nested Bethe Ansatz models

    2. Rigorous foundation and microscopic interpretation of the spacetime-swap formulas for Rényi-entropy growth in interacting integrable models

    '0.7 structure' in quantum point contacts8 questions

    1. Nonequilibrium Kondo scattering phase of a self-consistently localized state in a quantum point contact

      Open for about 10 years

    2. Kondo screening of a finite, non-uniform one-dimensional Wigner crystal in a quantum point contact: a microscopic many-body theory problem

      Open for about 12 years

    3. Completing the emergent-localized-state/Kondo picture of quantum point contacts: predictive microscopic control, higher-spin Kondo regimes, integrated transport theory, and discrimination from hybrid-device zero-bias anomalies

      Open for about 13 years

    4. Barrier-curvature dependence of the low-energy scales of the 0.7 anomaly in quantum point contacts: a program to discriminate the van Hove-ridge, spontaneous-spin-polarization, and Kondo-like scenarios

      Open for about 11 years

    5. Quantitative microscopic theory of the 0.7-anomaly and its zero-bias peak in quantum point contacts at finite temperature and finite bias

      Open for about 30 years

    6. Microscopic mechanism of the spin-valley 0.7 anomaly in bilayer graphene/WSe2_2 quantum point contacts

      Open for less than 1 year

    7. Ensemble-statistical identification of the microscopic mechanism behind the 0.7 conductance anomaly in one-dimensional quantum wires

      Open for about 30 years

    8. Correlated-state magnetization and microscopic NMR detection in quantum point contacts: is the no-bound-state interpretation of the 0.7 anomaly robust?

      Open for about 11 years
    Quantum computer5 questions

    1. Identifying and mitigating radiation-induced correlated error bursts that set the logical-error floor in superconducting surface-code quantum error correction

      Open for about 4 years

    2. Open directions for nearest-neighbor X/CNOT/CSX quantum arithmetic: minimal qubit connectivity, utilization of superposition outputs, error-correction overhead, and extension to floating point

      Open for about 2 years

    3. Scalable verification of quantum advantage: certifying random-circuit-sampling experiments beyond the classical-simulation frontier

      Open for about 8 years

    4. Fault-tolerance analysis of the globally driven ZZ-coupled superconducting ladder architecture: error-correcting codes, noise thresholds, and fabrication-tolerance windows

      Open for about 1 year

    5. The quantum computer puzzle: deciding between the optimistic and pessimistic hypotheses of quantum noise

      Open for about 10 years
    Quantum error correction and quantum coding3 questions

    1. Reducing the impractical constant-factor runtime of provably correct decoders for asymptotically good quantum LDPC codes and characterizing their flip-set search space

      Open for about 4 years

    2. Optimal fault-tolerant threshold of the surface code under biased dephasing noise: exact determination

      Open for about 7 years

    3. Open problems on explicit parallel decoding, exact rate-distance tradeoffs, and fault-tolerant encoders for linear-time encodable and decodable quantum error-correcting codes

      Open for less than 1 year
    Negative-sign problem in quantum Monte Carlo simulations3 questions

    1. Geometry, model, and algorithm dependence of sign-resolved observable statistics and the average-sign amplification factor in fermion quantum Monte Carlo

      Open for less than 1 year

    2. Rigorous foundations of local basis-transformation mitigation of the quantum Monte Carlo sign problem beyond frustration-free regimes

      Open for about 7 years

    3. Realizing the Wang–Sun positive-sign-path solution of the fermion sign problem: efficient sampling of the OP space and rigorous error control of the RP approximation

      Open for about 4 years
    1/f1/f low-frequency noise problem in quantum devices5 questions

    1. Microscopic origin of low-frequency 1/fα1/f^{\alpha} charge noise in quantum-dot qubits in the few-fluctuator regime

      Open for about 7 years

    2. Microscopic mechanism of the magnetic-field evolution of 1/f1/f flux noise in superconducting qubits

      Open for about 3 years

    3. Microscopic attribution of magnetic 1/f flux noise in device-relevant superconducting materials and the origin of the broad logarithmic relaxation-time spectrum in dilute Au:Er alloys

      Open for about 39 years

    4. Microscopic origin of 1/f1/f magnetic flux noise in superconducting quantum circuits

      Open for about 39 years

    5. Microscopic identification and per-device characterization of the low-frequency flux-noise fluctuators in superconducting transmon qubits

      Open for about 19 years
    Complexity of quantum algorithms and quantum computation6 questions

    1. Open quantum query-complexity gaps for hidden-graph learning and combinatorial group testing: time-efficient optimal group testing, copy complexity of graph-state family identification, and the power of parity versus Bell-sampling access

      Open for about 5 years

    2. Complexity classification of the quantum minimum circuit size problems: NP-membership, hardness, and ancilla compression (Open Problems 1–2 of Chia–Chou–Zhang–Zhang)

      Open for about 5 years

    3. Perfect completeness for quantum Merlin-Arthur proof systems: does QMA = QMA1, and is there a direct reduction from PreciseQMA to PreciseQMA with perfect completeness?

      Open for about 18 years

    4. Precise computational complexity of relative-error (multiplicative) approximations to #BQP functions (quantum approximate counting)

      Open for about 4 years

    5. Tight computational-complexity classification of exact T-count circuit optimization

      Open for about 3 years

    6. Almost-everywhere classical simulation of quantum query algorithms: the quantum analogue of average-case derandomization of query algorithms (Aaronson–Ambainis simulation conjecture)

      Open for about 16 years

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