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    Disciplines / Research questions

    物理学

    691 个研究主题 · 2739 个问题

    原子体系中的多体QED题5 个问题

    1. Many-electron extension of the finite-temperature QED one-loop self-energy program for blackbody-radiation shifts of atomic levels

      未解决约 1 年

    2. Vertex-extended, accuracy-controlled model QED operator for many-electron relativistic calculations

      未解决约 11 年

    3. Complex-scaled ab initio QED theory of autoionizing states beyond non-mixing two-electron resonances: level mixing and multi-electron ions

      未解决约 3 年

    4. Rigorous bound-state QED evaluation of the two-photon-exchange and screened radiative corrections to the ground-state gg factor of boronlike ions

      未解决约 7 年

    5. Complete one-loop QED corrections to hyperfine structure in heavy many-electron atoms: the self-energy with many-body effects

      未解决约 1 年
    噪声对人烦恼的作用机理和模型4 个问题

    1. Noise sensitivity as an exposure-independent risk factor for future mental and cardiovascular illness: adjudicating the environmental-susceptibility versus anxiety-proxy accounts and the intermediate disease pathways

      未解决约 11 年

    2. Community response to high-speed railway noise in China: combined noise-vibration exposure, indoor exposure, and non-acoustic factors in annoyance assessment and prediction

      未解决约 5 年

    3. Causal status of noise sensitivity in the road traffic noise–annoyance–health pathway: causal factor, latent-susceptibility marker, or reporting artifact?

      未解决约 17 年

    4. Translating expectation-framing effects on wind-turbine noise annoyance from the laboratory to real wind-farm communities

      未解决约 10 年
    粘接界面特性及粘接强度超声定量无损评价8 个问题

    1. Quantitative ultrasonic characterization of kissing bonds in adhesive joints: combining linear and nonlinear measurements into a validated bond-condition inspection procedure

      未解决约 17 年

    2. Quantitative dynamic acousto-elastic characterization of adhesive bonded joints: absolute calibration, hysteretic constitutive identification, and bond-state discrimination

      未解决约 14 年

    3. Fully nondestructive, uncertainty-quantified quantitative imaging of bonding strength at bonded solid–solid interfaces (contact acoustic nonlinearity microscopy)

      未解决约 40 年

    4. Ultrasonic detection of kissing-bond weak adhesive bonds in composite joints beyond immersion acoustic microscopy

      未解决约 35 年

    5. Quantitative nonlinear ultrasonic inspection of contamination-layer kissing bonds in adhesive joints

      未解决约 17 年

    6. Quantitative nondestructive inversion of ultrasonic tone-burst reflection phase to absolute adhesive bond strength

      未解决约 7 年

    7. Simultaneous ultrasonic inversion of adhesive-layer and interfacial properties of weakly bonded joints, and predictive linkage of interfacial stiffness to bond strength

      未解决约 9 年

    8. Unique inversion and mechanical-strength validation of shear-horizontal ultrasonic guided-wave evaluation of adhesive lap joints

      未解决约 12 年
    真核细胞SOS信号通络的相应选择机制6 个问题

    1. Open structural and mechanistic questions of the interdependent SOS–Ras activation loop: activity-state interconversion of membrane-anchored SOS, SOS C-terminal-tail modulation of allosteric affinity, nucleotide-state substrate preference, and REM-domain allosteric regulation

      未解决约 8 年

    2. Spatially explicit and cell-line-quantitative validation of localized RAS activation in the RAF-isoform-aware MAPK/ERK rule-based model

      未解决约 1 年

    3. Generality, mechanistic control, and pharmacological consequences of processivity-driven stochastic bimodality in SOS–Ras signaling

      未解决约 3 年

    4. The operative mechanism of positive feedback and switch-like Ras activation by SOS in living cells

      未解决约 17 年

    5. Mechanism and in vivo function of SOS allosteric-feedback digital Ras signaling in primary lymphocytes

      未解决约 17 年

    6. In vivo mechanistic origin of the sharp boundary between positive and negative thymocyte selection: status of the SOS-feedback digital Ras activation model

      未解决约 17 年
    整函数参数化2 个问题

    1. Distortion coordinates for simply connected wandering domains: holomorphic dependence beyond J-stability and parametrization beyond attracting Herman-type domains

      未解决约 3 年

    2. Distinguishing Case I from Case II in Kuznetsov's construction of measures with identical moments: intrinsic criteria on the generating entire function

      未解决约 10 年
    整体对称性和局域对称性7 个问题

    1. Completing the superselection-by-boundary-conditions account of spontaneous symmetry breaking: dynamical sector selection, non-Abelian extension, and experimental testability

      未解决不足 1 年

    2. Rigorous foundations of subsystem gauge-symmetry restoration and the quantum Mpemba effect in the lattice Schwinger model

      未解决不足 1 年

    3. Coincidence of gauge-invariant custodial-symmetry breaking with the separation-of-charge-to-color confinement transition in gauge-Higgs theories

      未解决约 8 年

    4. Massive gauge bosons from spontaneously broken global non-Abelian gauge symmetry: a non-perturbative existence theorem for the non-Abelian Higgs mechanism

      未解决约 13 年

    5. Finite non-Abelian gluing variety and the classification of directly empirically significant regional gauge symmetries in Yang–Mills theory

      未解决约 6 年

    6. Local unsymmetry as a structural diagnostic for manifold-like causal sets: characterization, few-layer infinite posets, and sprinklings beyond Minkowski spacetime

      未解决约 2 年

    7. Is any spontaneously broken remnant global gauge symmetry a physical diagnostic of confinement in SU(2) gauge-Higgs theory?

      未解决约 18 年
    质量起源问题3 个问题

    1. Dynamical origin of electroweak symmetry breaking and particle masses: is the Higgs boson elementary or composite?

      未解决约 47 年

    2. Scheme-unambiguous first-principles decomposition of the proton mass into Higgs and QCD-dynamical contributions

      未解决约 7 年

    3. The electroweak hierarchy (naturalness) problem: why does the Higgs mass sit near the electroweak scale rather than the Planck scale?

      未解决约 50 年
    质子-中子形状退耦现象5 个问题

    1. Rotation-induced proton binding at the drip line: pairing confirmation of spin thresholds, particle-decay widths of quasi-bound rotational bands, and functional robustness

      未解决约 3 年

    2. Cluster-gas and linear-chain states in light carbon isotopes and the mechanism of proton-neutron shape decoupling in neutron-rich carbon

      未解决约 21 年

    3. Symmetry restoration beyond the intrinsic mean field and direct observable tests of the proton halo in 12^{12}N within the deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in continuum

      未解决不足 1 年

    4. Mapping between configuration-interaction shell-model amplitudes and experimental neutron/proton transition matrix elements in neutron-rich boron and carbon isotopes

      未解决约 16 年

    5. Validity domain of the generalized Bernstein formula for extracting the neutron-to-proton transition-matrix-element ratio Mn/MpM_n/M_p beyond few-tens-of-MeV proton scattering

      未解决约 4 年
    质子交换膜燃料电池内的水传输问题6 个问题

    1. Extending a generalized Stefan-Maxwell model of ion and water transport in polymer electrolyte membranes to liquid-equilibrated and two-phase conditions

      未解决约 16 年

    2. Humidity-dependent water transport across the membrane electrode assembly of phosphoric-acid-doped polybenzimidazole high-temperature PEM fuel cells

      未解决约 12 年

    3. Quantitative mechanistic control of vapor- versus liquid-dominated water removal across the gas diffusion layer and microporous layer of PEM fuel cells

      未解决约 18 年

    4. Interfacial water-transport resistance at the Nafion® membrane/gas interface: molecular origin, behavior under operating PEMFC conditions, and predictive coupling to membrane swelling and mechanics

      未解决约 19 年

    5. Causal mechanism linking interfacial water transport to proton conductivity in perfluorosulfonic acid membranes: channel tortuosity versus confinement-altered transport, and chemical versus geometric control

      未解决约 7 年

    6. A priori determination of the net water transfer coefficient and experimental validation of the steady two-zone water-transfer model for large-area PEM fuel cells

      未解决约 9 年
    质子自旋危机2 个问题

    1. Covariant three-dimensional account of the proton spin: QCD scale evolution of the composition functions u(ϵ,Q2)u(\epsilon,Q^2), v(ϵ,Q2)v(\epsilon,Q^2) and experimental access to V(Q2)V(Q^2)

      未解决约 13 年

    2. Poincaré-algebra consistency and global uniqueness of the gauge-invariant canonical decomposition of nucleon spin

      未解决约 18 年
    中微子质量起源问题5 个问题

    1. What fixes the absolute neutrino mass scale? Predictivity of the seesaw mechanism and the search for underlying dynamics

      未解决约 46 年

    2. Symmetry origin of the quasi-degenerate right-handed-neutrino mass splitting in the neutrino option

      未解决约 7 年

    3. Testing a low-scale origin of neutrino mass through scalar-mediated neutrino self-interactions in astrophysical neutrino signals

      未解决约 21 年

    4. Gauged U(1)B−LU(1)_{B-L} completion of the asymmetric self-interacting dark matter and Dirac leptogenesis framework

      未解决不足 1 年

    5. Microphysical origin of sterile right-handed neutrino masses in string-inspired anomaly leptogenesis

      未解决约 7 年
    中心荷 cc1 个问题

    1. Non-principal 'snake' Y-systems and non-compact-regime finite-size corrections for the twisted A2(1)A_2^{(1)} and A2(2)A_2^{(2)} lattice models

    中心自旋概率3 个问题

    1. Integrability of the inhomogeneous central-spin XX model for arbitrary central-spin quantum number

    2. Tight rigorous lower bounds and long-time asymptotics for the persisting correlation of a central spin in a large spin bath

    3. Tight Mazur bound and the Overhauser-field estimate for the non-decaying central-spin correlation in the isotropic central spin model

    中子星高能辐射的观测研究4 个问题

    1. The true age, quiescent luminosity, and environment of the apparently youngest known magnetar Swift J1818.0−1607

      未解决约 6 年

    2. Locating particle acceleration and field geometry behind persistent magnetar hard X-ray tails

      未解决约 20 年

    3. Mechanism and thresholds of rapid switching between accretion-powered and rotation-powered states in transitional millisecond pulsars

      未解决约 12 年

    4. Origin of the migrating non-thermal emitting region in the 2024 outburst of the magnetar 1E 1841−045: crustal plastic flow versus magnetospheric untwisting, and its radiative mechanism

      未解决约 4 年
    重费米子化合物中的非常规超导与量子临界性1 个问题

    1. The pairing glue of heavy-fermion superconductors: antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations, phonons, or correlation-driven pairing

      未解决约 47 年
    重原子核自发裂变7 个问题

    1. Spontaneous-fission heating by very heavy r-process nuclei and its systematic impact on kilonova ejecta-mass inference

      未解决约 12 年

    2. Microscopic origin of the effective collective inertia in spontaneous-fission half-life predictions: deriving or replacing the empirical global scaling of the irrotational-flow mass tensor

      未解决约 41 年

    3. Fission stability of huge, locally charge-neutral neutron-rich nuclei ('monsters'): quantitative verification of a qualitative claim

      未解决不足 1 年

    4. Quantitative spontaneous-fission half-lives with local-QRPA collective inertia in multidimensional collective space

      未解决约 2 年

    5. Extending semi-empirical spontaneous-fission half-life systematics to superheavy nuclei with vanishing liquid-drop barriers

      未解决约 11 年

    6. Cluster radioactivity in the superheavy region: half-lives and decay-mode competition

      未解决约 11 年

    7. Microscopic origin of shell-correction attenuation near scission and the N=152N=152 and Z=108Z=108 anomalies in spontaneous-fission half-lives of heavy and superheavy nuclei

      未解决约 13 年
    周期、反周期和开放边界条件3 个问题

    1. Relating the c=−2c=-2 and c=1c=1 conformal descriptions of the square-lattice dimer model and extending them to monomer-dimer systems

      未解决约 19 年

    2. Finite-size scaling of energy spectra along boundary RG flows in one-dimensional critical systems with open boundaries

      未解决约 2 年

    3. Universal finite-size gap scaling of the quantum Ising chain beyond the scaling limit: irrelevant-operator corrections, continuum-parameter extraction, and general Kitaev-chain defects

      未解决约 6 年
    逐层转移矩阵2 个问题

    1. Transfer-matrix spectra and finite-size scaling for two-dimensional spin systems with non-reciprocal couplings

    2. Doubly degenerate eigenvalue of the inhomogeneous supersymmetric eight-vertex transfer matrix

    转移矩阵的对称扇区2 个问题

    1. Coulomb-gas identification of the critical Uq(sl3)U_{\mathfrak{q}}(\mathfrak{sl}_3) web models: exact central charges, electromagnetic conformal weights, and the fractal dimension of critical webs

      未解决约 5 年

    2. Quantum-group symmetries and Bethe-ansatz completeness for A2n(2)A_{2n}^{(2)} open spin chains: the remaining open problems

      未解决约 9 年
    转移矩阵对数导数与量子 Hamiltonian2 个问题

    1. Genuinely three-dimensional spectral-parameter vertex R-matrices with local Hermitian two-dimensional Hamiltonians, and a finite-size commutativity criterion for the combined integrability equations

      未解决约 3 年

    2. Scaling-limit Jordan cells and Virasoro module structure of the Yang–Baxter integrable dimer model on a strip

      未解决约 7 年
    转移矩阵函数关系3 个问题

    1. Inversion identities and analyticity structure for the transfer matrix of Shastry's one-dimensional Hubbard vertex model

      未解决约 10 年

    2. Universal Baxter functional relations for integrable systems with reflecting boundaries via quantum symmetric pairs

      未解决约 1 年

    3. Jordan-cell structure of the critical site-percolation logarithmic CFT and its universality with bond percolation

      未解决约 7 年
    子格密度3 个问题

    1. Phase diagram of hard k×k×kk\times k\times k cubes on the cubic lattice: the fate of sublattice order for k≥3k\ge 3, the near-full-packing regime, the continuum limit, and the failure of lattice density-functional theory

    2. Dense sphere packings on the integer lattice Z3\mathbb{Z}^3 for arbitrary exclusion distance: the lattice analogue of Kepler's conjecture

    3. Charge ordering of spinless fermions on the Bethe lattice at general coordination number: exact inhomogeneous solution, phase diagram, and thermodynamics

    紫外中心荷2 个问题

    1. Ultraviolet central charge of the periodic integrable U(N) amplitudes in the two-dimensional S-matrix bootstrap

    2. Ultraviolet fixed point of the FPS integrable QFT: massless flavour count, exact central charge, and CFT identification

    自发辐射相干效应的实验验证6 个问题

    1. Quantitative model-to-data closure and quantum-feedback control of spontaneously generated ground-state coherence in a driven two-mode cavity-QED system

      未解决约 15 年

    2. Robustness and decay-channel effects of the vacuum-induced-coherence-protected bound state in the cold-atom continuum

      未解决约 7 年

    3. Extending the Decoherence-Free Regime of Vacuum-Assisted Spontaneously Generated Coherences in X-Ray Mössbauer Thin-Film Cavities

      未解决约 13 年

    4. Realizability and robustness of SGC-based sub-half-wavelength localization of cold 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb} atoms via probe absorption

      未解决约 9 年

    5. Extending the momentum-resolved study of vacuum-induced coherence in velocity-selective coherent population trapping of moving atoms to other quantum-optical systems

      未解决约 18 年

    6. Spontaneously generated coherence–mediated orbital angular momentum transfer: experimental realization, tolerances, and robustness in a near-degenerate V-type atomic medium

      未解决约 7 年
    自发极化3 个问题

    1. Validating and exploiting the stress- and dopant-mediated (002)-texture mechanism behind the large remanent polarization of La-doped HfO2 thin films

      未解决约 6 年

    2. Making the giant spontaneous polarization of zincblende III-V semiconductors experimentally switchable

      未解决约 1 年

    3. Quantitative mechanism of polarization-induced carrier-lifetime enhancement in ferroelectric photoabsorbers and the causal role of ferroelectricity in organohalide perovskites

    自驱动粒子自组织的非平衡统计物理4 个问题

    1. Dynamical large deviations and quasi-potential of interacting run-and-tumble particle systems with memory

      未解决约 3 年

    2. Constitutive laws and rigidity transitions for dense, dry, self-propelled frictional grains (the μ(I,A)\mu(I,\mathcal{A}) program)

      未解决约 10 年

    3. Fluctuating kinetic theory and fluctuating hydrodynamics of dilute aligning active particles with nematic symmetry

      未解决约 4 年

    4. Beyond-mean-field theory and experimental tests of the scale-free-chaos phase transition of the harmonically confined Vicsek model

      未解决约 3 年
    自旋液体是否存在？3 个问题

    1. Anyon-physics validation of the Kitaev quantum spin liquid in a controlled experimental platform: initialization, braiding, and fusion of vortex Majorana modes

      未解决约 23 年

    2. Do quantum spin liquids occur in the cuprates? The spin-liquid identity of the pseudogap metal

      未解决约 39 年

    3. Ground state of the nearest-neighbor spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the kagome lattice

      未解决约 37 年
    自由费米子表示3 个问题

    1. Free fermions in disguise without exponential degeneracies: simple connections to the XY chain and the family of non-degenerate constructions

      未解决不足 1 年

    2. Secular equations and eigenvalue structure of the Onsager algebras generated by the n-state generalized Jordan-Wigner constructions (Minami's Theorems 2 and 3)

      未解决约 5 年

    3. Flat-spectrum, zero-mode, and maximal-value conjectures for the fermionic interaction distance underlying free-fermion descriptions of ZN\mathbb{Z}_N topological states

    自由费米子条件1 个问题

    1. Free-fermion solvability of the two-dimensional Ising model in a real magnetic field

      未解决约 82 年
    自由空间的团簇是如何形成的？4 个问题

    1. First-principles kinetic theory of homogeneous vapor-to-liquid nucleation for real, nonspherical molecules

      未解决约 35 年

    2. Mechanism-robust quantitative description of carbonaceous nanoparticle formation behind shock waves: kinetics sensitivity, nucleation–growth partition, and size-dependent optical effects

      未解决约 20 年

    3. Reconciling ab initio and experimentally extracted association rate coefficients in barrierless water cluster formation at extreme supersaturation

      未解决约 6 年

    4. Reactive-gas-assisted nucleation and growth of transition-metal clusters in a magnetron gas aggregation cluster source: mechanism, nucleation–growth separation, and predictive process windows

      未解决约 13 年
    最大本征值与热力学自由能2 个问题

    1. Open problems in the rigorous free-energy computation of the six-vertex model: analyticity of condensed Bethe solutions at all densities, optimal half-filling asymptotics, asymmetric weights, and full-range rotational invariance

      未解决约 5 年

    2. Fluctuations of the Sherrington–Kirkpatrick free energy at low temperature, including the zero-temperature ground state

      未解决约 34 年
    最近邻 Ising 模型2 个问题

    1. Exact solution of the three-dimensional nearest-neighbor Ising model on the simple-cubic lattice

      未解决约 82 年

    2. Exactness and mathematical control of the conjectured closed-form free energy of the square-lattice Ising model in a real magnetic field

      未解决约 82 年
    最近邻排斥格气2 个问题

    1. Logarithmic finite-size corrections at the marginal transition of the triangular lattice gas with first- and second-neighbor exclusions

    2. Universality class of the fluid–columnar transition in the square-lattice hard-core lattice gas with second-neighbor exclusion (2NN hard squares)

    坐标 Bethe Ansatz2 个问题

    1. Open problems in the chiral coordinate Bethe ansatz for phantom eigenstates of the open XXZ spin-1/2 chain: rigorous proof for arbitrary magnon number, invariant-subspace classification, and extensions to the XYZ chain and non-Hermitian systems

      未解决约 5 年

    2. Coordinate Bethe ansatz solvability of open XXZ and XXX spin chains with fully generic non-diagonal boundaries

      未解决约 14 年
    activity/fugacity zz3 个问题

    1. The phase diagram of the loop O(n) model on the hexagonal lattice, its hard-hexagon limit, and exponential decay of correlations in the planar spin O(n) model

    2. The intermediate-fugacity phase diagram of the 2×22\times2 hard-square model: uniqueness threshold, order, and universality class of the transition

    3. The critical fugacity of the hard-core model on Zd\mathbb{Z}^d: sharp asymptotics and uniqueness of the phase transition

    affine Toda 场论3 个问题

    1. All-loop perturbative integrability and the classification of two-dimensional integrable quantum field theories under simply-laced scattering conditions

    2. Massive ODE/IM correspondence for modified affine Toda field equations: the untwisted non-simply-laced algebras and proof beyond the conformal limit

    3. Integrable purely transmitting defects in affine Toda field theories beyond the ar(1)a_r^{(1)} series: classical integrability and quantum transmission matrices

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