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    Disciplines / Research questions

    物理学

    691 个研究主题 · 2739 个问题

    双行 monodromy matrix3 个问题

    1. Commutativity and polynomiality of the Q-operator for the open XXZ spin chain with diagonal boundaries (Vlaar–Weston Conjecture 6.3)

    2. Analytic theory of the rational QQ-system for open spin-ss XXX chains: boundary-induced strings, QQ-function ambiguity, and solution splitting

    3. Correlation-function building blocks for the open XXZ spin-1/2 chain with general integrable boundaries: the overlap factor, form factors of local operators, and the inverse problem without U(1) symmetry

    双周期性和准周期性3 个问题

    1. Elliptic eight-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions: normalization-level identification of the domain wall partition function at generic parameters

    2. Fractal structure of the Fibonacci Ising quasicrystal: uniform multifractality of Lee-Yang zeros and single-fermion spectrum at arbitrary couplings, and the topology of finite-fermion spectra below the interval threshold

    3. Completeness of the Bethe ansatz for the dynamical elliptic (KZB) Bethe algebra and the global geometry of the elliptic Wronski map

    四面体方程（tetrahedron equation）2 个问题

    1. Foundations of the state-integral construction of tetrahedron-equation solutions: analytic degeneration and the transpose pentagon hypothesis

    2. Open problems of the tetrahedron duality: anomaly cancellation and the elliptic genus of the (0,2) brane box model, the oblique unit cell, and the reach of the construction

    四自旋相互作用1 个问题

    1. Microscopic origin and quantitative strength of the effective four-spin interactions behind molecular-like excitations in frustrated pyrochlore magnets

    随机六顶点模型1 个问题

    1. Density profile and limit fluctuations of the stationary measure of the stochastic six-vertex model on a strip

      未解决约 3 年
    随机铺砌（random tilings）4 个问题

    1. Fluctuations of the uniformly random 3D dimer flow: convergence to the divergence-free projection of white noise

      未解决约 3 年

    2. Kenyon-Okounkov Gaussian free field convergence for uniformly weighted generalized tower graphs: upgrading gradient convergence to the full height field

      未解决约 21 年

    3. Local statistics of random domino tilings of L-shaped Aztec domains: unfrozen connecting paths and correlation kernels at the arctic curve and its cusps

      未解决不足 1 年

    4. Scaling-limit theory for interacting k-tilings of the Aztec diamond: arctic curves, color coupling, and edge fluctuations

      未解决约 3 年
    拓扑量子计算5 个问题

    1. Completing a universal fault-tolerant gate set for Majorana braiding on the altermagnet–superconductor heterostructure platform

      未解决约 1 年

    2. Scalable compilation of measurement-only topological gates in Majorana zero-mode arrays

      未解决约 7 年

    3. Making the universal D(S3)D(S_3) topological gate set fault-tolerant: decoders, thresholds, and robust anyon-manipulation protocols under realistic noise including measurement errors

      未解决约 1 年

    4. Experimental and theoretical validation of STT-matrix-based braiding of vortex-hosted Majorana zero modes in two-dimensional topological superconductors

      未解决约 2 年

    5. Leakage-controlled universal gates and a finite-tunneling readout analysis for the diagonal-coset Fibonacci-anyon quantum computer at filling factor 12/5

      未解决约 2 年
    太赫兹波及其应用2 个问题

    1. Fully integrated hybrid photonic terahertz transmitter based on a Kerr microcomb for high-rate sub-THz/THz wireless links

      未解决约 3 年

    2. Absolute output power of fully integrated room-temperature photonic-integrated-circuit terahertz photomixing sources

      未解决约 6 年
    太赫兹电磁波传输研究中面临的困难2 个问题

    1. Exploiting the molecular absorption effect in terahertz communications: altitude-dependent spectral-window modeling, weather-adaptive VLC/THz cooperation, and closing the physical-layer-security insecure zones

      未解决约 4 年

    2. Water-vapor continuum absorption in the terahertz atmospheric windows: determination of the self and foreign continuum coefficients, their temperature dependence, and the residual window discrepancies

      未解决约 13 年
    太阳能替代传统能源可行吗？4 个问题

    1. Integrated system-level feasibility of a global PV-dominated electricity transition under full embodied-energy and material burdens

      未解决约 16 年

    2. Minimum extended-boundary EROI for sustaining a complex modern society and the dynamic net-energy viability of the renewable energy transition

      未解决约 17 年

    3. Determining the minimum societal energy return on investment (EROI): the sustainable cut-off for net-energy-constrained solar resource accounting and the implications of falling below it

      未解决约 17 年

    4. Genuine substitution of fossil generation by intermittent renewables in European electricity systems: empirical assessment across the generation, capacity and demand perspectives and the fossil backup requirement

      未解决约 8 年
    太阳系外行星系统：寻找遥远的世界4 个问题

    1. The unseen planetary system of Fomalhaut: identifying the planets that sculpt its debris disk after Fomalhaut b proved to be a transient dust cloud

      未解决约 21 年

    2. The Formation Pathway of the HR 8799 Wide-Orbit Planetary System: Core Accretion versus Gravitational Instability

      未解决约 17 年

    3. Establishing the habitability of Hycean worlds and validating their atmospheric biosignatures

      未解决约 5 年

    4. How rare is the Solar System's architecture: the intrinsic occurrence rate of inner-depleted planetary systems with cold giant planets

      未解决约 11 年
    探寻核子结构3 个问题

    1. The x→1x\to1 limit of the proton d/ud/u parton distribution ratio and the valence-quark dynamics it discriminates

      未解决约 53 年

    2. Process-independent observability of the gauge-invariant canonical orbital angular momentum in the nucleon spin decomposition

      未解决约 13 年

    3. Scheme-independent quark-gluon decomposition of the nucleon mass in QCD and the physical role of the trace anomaly

      未解决约 31 年
    梯度方法能否用于求解Dirac方程？6 个问题

    1. Convergence of the power-iteration and parameter-tuning scheme for self-consistent bound states of the Schrödinger and Dirac equations

      未解决约 5 年

    2. Variational collapse in gradient-based minimization of the Dirac equation: a general selection mechanism for positive-energy eigenstates

      未解决约 40 年

    3. Rigorous error analysis of the Dirac-sVQA splitting variational quantum algorithm for the nonlinear Dirac equation

      未解决不足 1 年

    4. Fully discrete convergence analysis of normalized-gradient-flow and min-max schemes for stationary states of nonlinear Dirac operators

      未解决约 6 年

    5. Rigorous error analysis, temporal sampling complexity, and long-time mass conservation for physics-informed neural network solvers of the time-dependent Dirac equation

      未解决约 4 年

    6. Conditioning versus preconditioning for gradient-based Dirac solvers in lattice QCD: net time-to-solution advantage at physical quark masses, production volumes, and many right-hand sides

      未解决约 18 年
    铁基高温超导电性与机理2 个问题

    1. Origin of the pairing glue in iron-based superconductors

      未解决约 18 年

    2. Origin of the magnetic pairing glue in iron-based superconductors: itinerant spin fluctuations or local-moment physics

      未解决约 18 年
    同核异能态与可能的伽马激光5 个问题

    1. Experimental validation of a current-driven thin-film 229^{229}Th vacuum-ultraviolet nuclear light source

      未解决约 3 年

    2. Stimulated de-excitation of the 186m^{186m}Re nuclear isomer in laser-produced plasma: reproducibility, mechanism, and the hypothesized second isomeric state in 186^{186}Re

      未解决约 8 年

    3. Optical-range nuclear gamma-ray laser on the 229Th isomer transition: population inversion and stimulated-emission gain in a doped solid

      未解决约 15 年

    4. Existence and charge-state-modulated decay of the conjectured isomer above the 8+ state in 92Zr

      未解决约 1 年

    5. Undemonstrated experimental program of the multi-photon stimulated graser: net gamma-ray amplification from laser-plasma gamma flashes with intense supplied photon fields

      未解决约 2 年
    铜氧化物高温超导体赝能隙起源的探索3 个问题

    1. Mutual relationship and common origin of the cuprate pseudogap and strange metal: testing the Mott-Slater localization / van-Hove-singularity coincidence scenario

      未解决约 37 年

    2. Mechanism of the non-monotonic temperature dependence of the cuprate normal-state pseudogap and of its spectral correspondence with incommensurate charge ordering in transition-metal dichalcogenides

      未解决约 18 年

    3. Nature of the quantum criticality at the pseudogap end point of hole-doped cuprate superconductors

      未解决约 27 年
    统一场论中的规范等级问题8 个问题

    1. Is the electroweak hierarchy problem a physical problem? Scheme-independent naturalness from the distance to the electroweak critical surface

      未解决约 45 年

    2. Threshold naturalness of the Higgs mass-squared: protective ultraviolet structures for the coexistence of the electroweak scale with high mass scales

      未解决约 12 年

    3. Radiative and dynamical stability of scalar-tensor (equivalence-principle) solutions to the gauge hierarchy problem

      未解决约 18 年

    4. Landscape and anthropic inputs for the weak-scale hierarchy: the Higgs-VEV and Yukawa distributions and the weak-to-weakless habitable-universe ratio

      未解决约 5809 年

    5. Consistent quantization of internal fermionic (particle-ghost) symmetry as a solution to the gauge hierarchy problem

      未解决约 12 年

    6. High-scale attraction at ultraviolet fixed points: can a large anomalous mass dimension in asymptotically safe gravity explain the gauge hierarchy?

      未解决约 14 年

    7. Does renormalization-group consistency enforce strong supercooling in classically scale-invariant extensions of the Standard Model?

      未解决约 6 年

    8. Completing the physical-tuning account of Higgs naturalness: the UV-tuned region, its origin in a UV completion, robustness of the Wilsonian flow, and observable tests

      未解决约 4 年
    湍流：模型与计算10 个问题

    1. Closure of the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations via constitutive relations or transport equations for the velocity-fluctuation fields

      未解决约 130 年

    2. Well-posedness of the exterior turbulent flow boundary-value problem for RANS equations with two-equation turbulence models

      未解决约 5 年

    3. Existence of weak solutions for the Jiang–Layton corrected eddy-viscosity turbulence model with an anisotropic time-derivative term

      未解决约 11 年

    4. How much domain knowledge must be embedded in machine-learned subgrid-scale closures for large-eddy simulation: invariance, cross-regime generalization, and computational cost

      未解决约 7 年

    5. Quantifying the turbulent potential model's cost advantage over full Reynolds-stress closures and completing stress-transport model evaluation in complex flowfields

      未解决约 27 年

    6. Weak uniqueness of mean outputs and dual stability for weak solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations in turbulent flow

      未解决约 21 年

    7. Physically consistent subgrid-scale models for large-eddy simulation: significance, compatibility, and realizability of model constraints

      未解决约 10 年

    8. Guaranteed computability of high-Reynolds-number turbulent-flow outputs: the missing rigorous theory of dual (adjoint) stability

      未解决约 22 年

    9. Systematic predictive and computational assessment of stress-transport turbulence closures versus two-equation eddy-viscosity models in complex flows

      未解决约 19 年

    10. Open problems in the mathematical theory of the NS-TKE and k-epsilon turbulence models: uniqueness, energy balance, and the realistic unbounded-eddy-viscosity regime

      未解决约 12 年
    湍流反应流9 个问题

    1. Regime-general turbulence–chemistry interaction closures for large-eddy simulation of premixed turbulent combustion

      未解决约 19 年

    2. Turbulent flame speeds of non-equidiffusive (Le≠1Le \neq 1) mixtures: a generalized scaling with Markstein/Lewis-number effects, the mechanism of stretch-affected local extinction, and a diffusivity-aware combustion regime diagram

      未解决约 11 年

    3. Characterizing turbulence within a premixed turbulent flame brush: separating intrinsic turbulence from reactant-product intermittency and mean-velocity-jump effects

      未解决约 17 年

    4. A posteriori assessment of the flamelet regime diagram for non-premixed turbulent combustion LES: self-consistency of flamelet-model solutions and explicit-versus-implicit filtering

      未解决约 9 年

    5. Turbulent diffusion of chemically reacting admixtures beyond first-order, constant-density assumptions: predictive theory for the effective turbulent chemical time and the turbulent diffusion coefficient at finite Reynolds and Damköhler numbers

      未解决约 11 年

    6. Quantifying the statistical-independence factorization in assumed-PDF turbulence–chemistry closures for non-equilibrium reacting flows

      未解决约 8 年

    7. A posteriori validation of sub-filter variance and unsteady NO-transport closures for predictive LES of NOx in gas-turbine combustors

      未解决约 18 年

    8. Predictive turbulence-chemistry interaction modeling of MILD combustion: closing the CO and OH prediction gap in jet-in-hot-coflow flames

      未解决约 14 年

    9. Closure of the zone-conditioned moment and PDF transport equations in the thin-reaction-zone framework for turbulent reacting flows at low Damköhler number

      未解决约 6 年
    椭圆 RR 矩阵2 个问题

    1. Rigorous proof or refutation of the Yang–Baxter equation for the elliptic R-matrix of the XX spin chain in a staggered magnetic field

      未解决约 2 年

    2. Quantum integrability of the BC_n elliptic XYZ long-range spin chain

      未解决约 1 年
    椭圆参数 k,λ,qk,\lambda,q1 个问题

    1. Monotonicity of the elliptic nome q(t)q(t) in discrete heat kernel expansions in the quadrant

      未解决约 2 年
    椭圆模 kk 与互补模 k′k'4 个问题

    1. Unproved arithmetic of Broadhurst's level-48 class invariants at discriminants N ≡ 3 (mod 8): the Chowla–Selberg unit λ and mod-64-signature generation of the Hilbert class field

    2. Riffaut's conjecture: no singular modulus of degree at least 3 is a root of a rational trinomial (unconditional status)

    3. Multiplicatively dependent triples of singular moduli: the Bilu–Gun–Tron classification conjecture

    4. Integrality of singular values of the generalized lambda function Λk=W[k,2,1]\Lambda_k=W_{[k,2,1]} in the excluded regime δ=gcd⁡(k,N)>1\delta=\gcd(k,N)>1 with 3∣δ3\mid\delta or N/δN/\delta a prime power

    椭圆曲线2 个问题

    1. Infinitely many non-jumping specializations for arbitrary nonisotrivial elliptic curves over Q(T)\mathbb{Q}(T)

    2. Universal (all-tuples) Schanuel-type conjecture for elliptic and quasi-elliptic functions: prove or refute the semi-elliptic conjecture and its sigma-refinement

    外场中的铁电模型2 个问题

    1. Extending the analytical Landau–Khalatnikov theory of ferroelectric switching to first-order transitions, low fields, and quantitative KAI correspondence

      未解决约 13 年

    2. Explicit solution of the six-vertex-model Bethe-ansatz integral equations in arbitrary external electric fields

    完美匹配（perfect matching）2 个问题

    1. A controlled coarse-grained theory of classical dimers and the quantum dimer phase diagram on the Ammann-Beenker quasiperiodic tiling

      未解决约 5 年

    2. Existence of perfect matchings for weakly consistent dimer models on surfaces with or without boundary

      未解决约 2 年
    完全椭圆积分 K,K′K,K'1 个问题

    1. Complete the algebraic theory of modular-form integration kernels for elliptic Feynman integrals: algorithmic seed construction and equivalence with elliptic multiple polylogarithms

    微波背景辐射谱的非高斯性的理论和实验6 个问题

    1. Non-Gaussianity of primordial isocurvature perturbations: detection-level observational determination and the model-to-bispectrum mapping

      未解决约 18 年

    2. Robust inference of the primordial trispectrum from patch-to-patch variation of observed non-Gaussianity

      未解决约 13 年

    3. The post-inflationary CMB bispectrum of metric f(R)f(R) gravity: full second-order transfer, templates, and observational confrontation

      未解决约 16 年

    4. Observational status of the predicted large equilateral/orthogonal non-Gaussianity in the two-field DBI inflation model of Nozari and Asadi (2016)

      未解决约 10 年

    5. Testing scale-dependent primordial non-Gaussianity as the origin of the large-scale CMB anomalies: a joint bispectrum and power-modulation analysis beyond the Sachs-Wolfe approximation

      未解决约 11 年

    6. Physical origin of the spherical-harmonic phase non-Gaussianities detected in cleaned Planck and WMAP CMB temperature maps

      未解决约 6 年
    微波背景辐射中的张量模的实验和理论7 个问题

    1. Observationally discriminating the chiral gravitational-wave background of spectator axion-SU(2) inflation from the vacuum background: completing the CMB and laser-interferometer program

      未解决约 9 年

    2. Can multi-field inflation produce a testably large tensor tilt for LiteBIRD: realistic model building and robust forecasts

      未解决约 2 年

    3. Foreground-robust inference of the tensor-to-scalar ratio with CMB-S4: residual-bias control, non-oracle debiasing, spatially adaptive component separation, and multi-pipeline validation for defensible primordial B-mode claims

      未解决约 1 年

    4. CMB BB-mode constraints on causal primordial gravitational-wave sources beyond the white-noise k3k^3 template

      未解决不足 1 年

    5. Completing the gravitational-wave prediction for inflationary gauge-field sourcing: post-inflationary magnetic fields, reheating transitions, tensor non-Gaussianity, and renormalization

      未解决不足 1 年

    6. Robust end-to-end test of the single-field inflationary tensor consistency relation across CMB and laser-interferometer scales

      未解决约 12 年

    7. Polarized foreground complexity and the robustness of CMB tensor-to-scalar-ratio constraints to foreground model mis-specification

      未解决约 10 年
    微分与积分恒等式3 个问题

    1. Differential Galois group of the level-three cubic-theta differential field over Ramanujan's differential field

    2. Riemann-Xi integral for the second error-function transformation, exact evaluations of its confluent-hypergeometric integrals, and the Delta/Nabla parity reversal (open questions of Dixit-Roy-Zaharescu)

    3. Wan's first conjecture on moments of products of complete elliptic integrals: settling ∫01(2K2−4EK+3E2−K′E′) dx=0\int_0^1 (2K^2-4EK+3E^2-K'E')\,dx=0 and determining the five remaining open even moments

    微纳米尺度流体流动与传热的格子-玻尔兹曼模拟5 个问题

    1. Generalizing the linearized double-distribution thermal lattice Boltzmann method: coupled shear–thermal noncontinuum flows, stable full-form equilibria, and complex geometries

      未解决约 11 年

    2. Parameter-free thermal lattice Boltzmann boundary treatment for rarefied gas microflow: maintaining accuracy beyond the first-order slip regime (Kn around 0.1 and above) at large Eckert and Prandtl numbers

      未解决约 19 年

    3. Kinetic lattice Boltzmann modeling of rarefied gas flow and heat transfer in the transition regime (Kn≳0.1\mathrm{Kn}\gtrsim0.1): Knudsen-layer resolution, parameter-independent kinetic boundary conditions, and tractable discrete-velocity sets

      未解决约 14 年

    4. General validated effective-property models and the single-phase validity limit for nanofluid microchannel heat-transfer prediction

      未解决约 21 年

    5. Effect of non-unity momentum and thermal accommodation coefficients on slip flow and heat transfer in an asymmetrically heated microchannel simulated by the thermal lattice Boltzmann method

      未解决约 5 年
    微纳通道中相变传热5 个问题

    1. Experimental validation of slope- and curvature-dependent disjoining pressure in microchannel thin-film evaporation

      未解决约 13 年

    2. Predictive design framework for subcooled flow boiling in microchannels with chemically patterned (wettability-patterned) surfaces

      未解决约 7 年

    3. Quantitative synchronization criteria for flow boiling in parallel microchannels: coupling-coefficient thresholds, design mapping, measurement, and validated actuation

      未解决约 6 年

    4. Critical heat flux limits of constructally optimized two-phase microchannel heat sinks

      未解决约 6 年

    5. Evaporation-driven instability mechanism, thresholds, and predictive modelling for a meniscus in a heated flat micro-channel

      未解决约 15 年
    微纳通道中液体的传输1 个问题

    1. Microscopic origin of low-frequency 1/f-type current noise in nanoscale ion transport and its control by channel material and surface properties

      未解决约 54 年
    维度对强关联电子体系性质的影响3 个问题

    1. Microscopic origin of the thickness-driven electronic evolution in SrRuO3/LaAlO3 superlattices (bad metal - weak localization - metal-insulator transition - strong 2D localization)

      未解决约 13 年

    2. Microscopic nature of the quantum criticality at the thickness-driven Mott transition in SrVO3 quantum wells: order parameter, emergent phases, and microscopic theory

      未解决约 9 年

    3. Dimensional crossover of weakly coupled Hubbard chains: charge-gap closing, spinon-confinement dynamics, and the ordering threshold beyond the quantum Monte Carlo window

      未解决约 13 年
    为什么迄今实验发现约 40 个Λ\Lambda超核而只发现一个Σ\Sigma超核？5 个问题

    1. Quark–quark hyperfine interactions and their medium modification in the Friedberg–Lee soliton model of nuclear matter and hypernuclei

      未解决约 12 年

    2. The unsettled Sigma (and Lambda) single-particle potentials in dense matter: constraining sign, isospin dependence, and momentum dependence from chiral EFT and hyperon directed flow

      未解决约 48 年

    3. Sigma-minus admixture in the Λ10^{10}_{\Lambda}Li hypernucleus and the production mechanism of neutron-rich Λ\Lambda hypernuclei in the 10B(π−,K+)^{10}\mathrm{B}(\pi^-,K^+) reaction

      未解决约 21 年

    4. Completing the SU(3) chiral hyperon-nucleon interaction at N²LO: YNN three-baryon forces, charge-symmetry breaking, convergence, and empirical constraints

      未解决约 7 年

    5. Determining the interior radial shape and central repulsion of the Σ⁻-nucleus optical potential from Coulomb-assisted Σ⁻ bound states

      未解决约 17 年
    为什么时空是四维的？6 个问题

    1. Is the (3+1)-dimensional nature of the universe a thermodynamic necessity: robustness of the Helmholtz-free-energy selection and freezing of three spatial dimensions

      未解决约 10 年

    2. Can the two assumptions of Deser's classical D = 4 selection argument — completeness of the second-order gravitational action and uniqueness of the stable vacuum — be derived from deeper principles rather than postulated?

      未解决约 6 年

    3. Microscopic foundation and quantitative predictions of the Afshordi–Stojkovic evolving-dimensions worldsheet model

      未解决约 12 年

    4. Dynamical foundations of the Machian integral formulation of Einstein's equations and the selection of 3+1 spacetime dimensions

      未解决约 14 年

    5. Reduction of the four-principle axiomatic basis for observed 3+1 spacetime dimensionality

      未解决约 21 年

    6. Dominant late-time phase and the emergence of commutative (3+1)-dimensional expanding spacetime in the Lorentzian type IIB matrix model

      未解决约 13 年
    为什么严格的多体波函数计算不能给出超导态，而简单的BCS平均场计算却能给出超导态？2 个问题

    1. Quantitative convergence and error control of particle-number-projected BCS wavefunctions versus exact many-body solutions for pairing correlations

      未解决约 12 年

    2. d-wave superconductivity in the hole-doped two-dimensional Hubbard model: establishing the low-temperature, sign-problem-blocked regime by controlled computation and quantum simulation

      未解决约 39 年

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