Scientists / Open questions

All scientists

01 / Mathematics

Mathematicians

Shiing-Shen Chern

Differential geometry; characteristic classes

9 questions

David Hilbert

Number theory; foundations of geometry; mathematical logic

13 questions

Terence Tao

Harmonic analysis; partial differential equations; number theory

2006 Fields Medal

17 questions

Akshay Venkatesh

Number theory; automorphic forms; homogeneous dynamics

2018 Fields Medal

9 questions

Alain Connes

Noncommutative geometry; operator algebras

1982 Fields Medal

17 questions

Alan Baker

Number theory; transcendental numbers

1970 Fields Medal

10 questions

Alan Turing

Computability; mathematical logic; cryptanalysis

3 questions

Alessio Figalli

Optimal transport; partial differential equations; calculus of variations

2018 Fields Medal

28 questions

Alexander Grothendieck

Algebraic geometry; category theory

1966 Fields Medal

14 questions

André Weil

Number theory; algebraic geometry

7 questions

Andrei Okounkov

Representation theory; algebraic geometry; probability

2006 Fields Medal

8 questions

Artur Avila

Dynamical systems; spectral theory

2014 Fields Medal

21 questions

Atle Selberg

Analytic number theory; automorphic forms

1950 Fields Medal

1 questions

Caucher Birkar

Algebraic geometry; birational geometry

2018 Fields Medal

17 questions

Cédric Villani

Partial differential equations; optimal transport; kinetic theory

2010 Fields Medal

5 questions

Charles Louis Fefferman

Harmonic analysis; partial differential equations

1978 Fields Medal

13 questions

Curtis T. Mcmullen

Dynamical systems; hyperbolic geometry

1998 Fields Medal

29 questions

Efim Zelmanov

Group theory; Lie algebras; nonassociative algebra

1994 Fields Medal

8 questions

Élie Cartan

Differential geometry; Lie groups and Lie algebras

1 questions

Elon Lindenstrauss

Ergodic theory; dynamical systems; number theory

2010 Fields Medal

15 questions

Emmy Noether

Abstract algebra; symmetries and conservation laws

4 questions

Enrico Bombieri

Number theory; analysis; minimal surfaces

1974 Fields Medal

7 questions

Gerd Faltings

Arithmetic geometry; number theory

1986 Fields Medal

3 questions

Heisuke Hironaka

Algebraic geometry; resolution of singularities

1970 Fields Medal

3 questions

Henri Poincaré

Dynamical systems; topology; celestial mechanics

5 questions

Hermann Weyl

Differential geometry; representation theory; mathematical physics

10 questions

Hong Wang

Harmonic analysis; geometric measure theory

2026 Fields Medal

2 questions

Hugo Duminil-Copin

Probability; statistical physics; phase transitions

2022 Fields Medal

8 questions

Ingrid Daubechies

Wavelet analysis; applied harmonic analysis

10 questions

Israel M. Gelfand

Representation theory; functional analysis

6 questions

Jacob Tsimerman

Number theory; arithmetic geometry

2026 Fields Medal

3 questions

James Maynard

Analytic number theory; distribution of primes

2022 Fields Medal

9 questions

Jean Bourgain

Harmonic analysis; ergodic theory; partial differential equations

1994 Fields Medal

25 questions

Jean-Christophe Yoccoz

Dynamical systems; complex dynamics

1994 Fields Medal

3 questions

Jean-Pierre Serre

Algebraic geometry; number theory; topology

1954 Fields Medal

29 questions

Jesse Douglas

Minimal surfaces; calculus of variations

1936 Fields Medal

3 questions

John F. Nash Jr.

Game theory; differential geometry; partial differential equations

1994 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences

1 questions

John Pardon

Geometric topology; symplectic geometry

2026 Fields Medal

3 questions

John von Neumann

Operator algebras; quantum mechanics; game theory

2 questions

John Willard Milnor

Differential topology; dynamical systems

1962 Fields Medal

2 questions

Kunihiko Kodaira

Complex geometry; algebraic geometry

1954 Fields Medal

6 questions

Kurt Gödel

Mathematical logic; set theory

1 questions

Lars Hörmander

Partial differential equations; microlocal analysis

1962 Fields Medal

28 questions

Laurent Schwartz

Distribution theory; functional analysis

1950 Fields Medal

3 questions

Manjul Bhargava

Number theory; arithmetic statistics

2014 Fields Medal

2 questions

Martin Hairer

Stochastic analysis; stochastic partial differential equations

2014 Fields Medal

7 questions

Maryam Mirzakhani

Hyperbolic geometry; moduli spaces; dynamical systems

2014 Fields Medal

9 questions

Maryna Viazovska

Number theory; sphere packing; modular forms

2022 Fields Medal

2 questions

Maxim Kontsevich

Algebraic geometry; topology; mathematical physics

1998 Fields Medal

2 questions

Michael Francis Atiyah

Geometric topology; index theory; mathematical physics

1966 Fields Medal

9 questions

Michael H. Freedman

Low-dimensional topology; topological quantum computing

1986 Fields Medal

20 questions

Paul Erdős

Number theory; combinatorics; graph theory

41 questions

Peter Scholze

Arithmetic geometry; p-adic geometry

2018 Fields Medal

4 questions

Pierre-Louis Lions

Nonlinear partial differential equations; mathematical physics

1994 Fields Medal

46 questions

Richard E. Borcherds

Algebra; automorphic forms; vertex algebras

1998 Fields Medal

8 questions

Shigefumi Mori

Algebraic geometry; birational geometry

1990 Fields Medal

5 questions

Shing-Tung Yau

Differential geometry; geometric analysis

1982 Fields Medal

57 questions

Simon K. Donaldson

Differential geometry; four-dimensional topology; gauge theory

1986 Fields Medal

1 questions

Stanislav Smirnov

Probability; critical phenomena; conformal invariance

2010 Fields Medal

1 questions

Stéphane Mallat

Wavelet analysis; signal processing; machine learning

10 questions

Stephen Smale

Differential topology; dynamical systems

1966 Fields Medal

3 questions

Vaughan F.R. Jones

Operator algebras; knot theory

1990 Fields Medal

4 questions

Vladimir Drinfeld

Number theory; algebraic geometry; quantum groups

1990 Fields Medal

1 questions

Vladimir I. Arnold

Dynamical systems; symplectic geometry; singularity theory

12 questions

Wendelin Werner

Probability; stochastic processes; conformal invariance

2006 Fields Medal

24 questions

William P. Thurston

Low-dimensional topology; hyperbolic geometry

1982 Fields Medal

4 questions

Yu Deng

Partial differential equations; wave turbulence; mathematical physics

2026 Fields Medal

6 questions

Yves Meyer

Harmonic analysis; wavelet theory

1 questions

02 / Physics

Physicists

Chen Ning Yang

Particle physics; gauge theory; statistical physics

1957 Nobel Prize in Physics

15 questions

John Bardeen

Semiconductor physics; superconductivity

1956, 1972 Nobel Prize in Physics

18 questions

Paul A.M. Dirac

Quantum mechanics; quantum field theory

1933 Nobel Prize in Physics

28 questions

Abdus Salam

Particle physics; electroweak unification

1979 Nobel Prize in Physics

26 questions

Albert Einstein

Relativity; quantum theory; statistical physics

1921 Nobel Prize in Physics

1 questions

Alexei Abrikosov

Condensed matter physics; superconductivity

2003 Nobel Prize in Physics

56 questions

Alexei Y. Kitaev

Quantum computing; topological quantum matter

12 questions

Allan H. MacDonald

Quantum Hall effect; two-dimensional electron systems

12 questions

Andrea Alù

Metamaterials; nanophotonics; electromagnetics

7 questions

Anthony J. Leggett

Superfluidity; quantum many-body theory

2003 Nobel Prize in Physics

11 questions

Ben R. Mottelson

Nuclear physics; collective nuclear motion

1975 Nobel Prize in Physics

13 questions

Bertrand I. Halperin

Condensed matter theory; critical phenomena; quantum Hall effect

13 questions

Brian D. Josephson

Superconductivity; quantum tunnelling

1973 Nobel Prize in Physics

5 questions

Charles L. Kane

Condensed matter theory; topological insulators

16 questions

Chihaya Adachi

Organic optoelectronics; luminescent materials

15 questions

Claude Cohen-Tannoudji

Atomic physics; laser cooling; quantum optics

1997 Nobel Prize in Physics

10 questions

David Deutsch

Quantum computing; foundations of quantum theory

3 questions

David J. Gross

Particle physics; quantum field theory; string theory

2004 Nobel Prize in Physics

22 questions

David J. Thouless

Condensed matter physics; topological phase transitions

2016 Nobel Prize in Physics

9 questions

David N. Payne

Fibre lasers; optical fibre communications

6 questions

David R. Smith

Metamaterials; electromagnetics; transformation optics

9 questions

Edward Witten

String theory; quantum field theory; mathematical physics

1990 Fields Medal

83 questions

Eli Yablonovitch

Photonic crystals; optoelectronics

15 questions

Emmanuel Desurvire

Optical fibre amplifiers; optical communications

1 questions

Enrico Fermi

Nuclear physics; particle physics; statistical physics

1938 Nobel Prize in Physics

10 questions

Erwin Schrödinger

Quantum mechanics; statistical physics

1933 Nobel Prize in Physics

1 questions

Eugene J. Mele

Condensed matter physics; topological insulators

6 questions

Eugene Wigner

Quantum mechanics; symmetry; nuclear physics

1963 Nobel Prize in Physics

4 questions

Eva Y. Andrei

Two-dimensional electron systems; graphene; condensed matter physics

8 questions

F. Duncan M. Haldane

Quantum many-body physics; topological phases

2016 Nobel Prize in Physics

16 questions

Federico Capasso

Quantum cascade lasers; metasurfaces; flat optics

7 questions

François Englert

Particle physics; spontaneous symmetry breaking

2013 Nobel Prize in Physics

9 questions

Frank Wilczek

Quantum field theory; particle physics

2004 Nobel Prize in Physics

48 questions

Freeman J. Dyson

Quantum electrodynamics; mathematical physics

17 questions

George V. Eleftheriades

Metamaterials; electromagnetics; antennas

12 questions

Gerardus 't Hooft

Quantum field theory; particle physics; quantum gravity

1999 Nobel Prize in Physics

5 questions

Giorgio Parisi

Statistical physics; disordered and complex systems

2021 Nobel Prize in Physics

166 questions

H. David Politzer

Quantum field theory; quantum chromodynamics

2004 Nobel Prize in Physics

27 questions

Hans Bethe

Nuclear physics; stellar energy production

1967 Nobel Prize in Physics

6 questions

Herbert Kroemer

Semiconductor physics; heterostructure devices

2000 Nobel Prize in Physics

44 questions

Hideki Yukawa

Particle physics; theory of nuclear forces

1949 Nobel Prize in Physics

4 questions

Hideo Hosono

Materials science; oxide semiconductors; superconductivity

15 questions

Hideo Ohno

Spintronics; semiconductor magnetism

17 questions

Immanuel Bloch

Ultracold atoms; quantum simulation; quantum many-body physics

20 questions

J. Hans D. Jensen

Nuclear physics; nuclear shell model

1963 Nobel Prize in Physics

6 questions

James Rainwater

Nuclear physics; nuclear structure

1975 Nobel Prize in Physics

2 questions

Jeffrey S. Hangst

Antimatter; antihydrogen; precision measurements

4 questions

John B. Pendry

Metamaterials; transformation optics; condensed matter theory

7 questions

John H. Van Vleck

Quantum mechanics; magnetism

1977 Nobel Prize in Physics

19 questions

John J. Hopfield

Neural networks; condensed matter physics; biophysics

2024 Nobel Prize in Physics

13 questions

John Preskill

Quantum information; quantum computing

13 questions

Julian Schwinger

Quantum field theory; quantum electrodynamics

1965 Nobel Prize in Physics

22 questions

Jun Ye

Atomic clocks; precision measurements; ultracold molecules

9 questions

Kenneth G. Wilson

Renormalization group; critical phenomena

1982 Nobel Prize in Physics

24 questions

Kip S. Thorne

General relativity; black holes; gravitational waves

2017 Nobel Prize in Physics

28 questions

Klaus Hasselmann

Climate dynamics; stochastic climate models

2021 Nobel Prize in Physics

11 questions

Lene Vestergaard Hau

Ultracold atoms; quantum optics; slow light

2 questions

Leon N. Cooper

Superconductivity; neuroscience

1972 Nobel Prize in Physics

39 questions

Lev Landau

Condensed matter physics; quantum theory; fluid mechanics

1962 Nobel Prize in Physics

2 questions

Lord Rayleigh

Acoustics; optics; fluid mechanics

1904 Nobel Prize in Physics

1 questions

Makoto Kobayashi

Particle physics; CP violation

2008 Nobel Prize in Physics

45 questions

Mark E. Thompson

Organic light-emitting materials; optoelectronic materials

10 questions

Martinus J.G. Veltman

Particle physics; quantum field theory

1999 Nobel Prize in Physics

1 questions

Masataka Nakazawa

Optical fibre communications; ultrashort optical pulses

3 questions

Max Born

Quantum mechanics; lattice dynamics

1954 Nobel Prize in Physics

20 questions

Max Planck

Quantum theory; thermodynamics

1918 Nobel Prize in Physics

2 questions

Max von Laue

Crystallography; X-ray diffraction

1914 Nobel Prize in Physics

1 questions

Michael V. Berry

Geometric phases; semiclassical physics; wave optics

14 questions

Murray Gell-Mann

Particle physics; quark model

1969 Nobel Prize in Physics

9 questions

Nader Engheta

Electromagnetics; metamaterials; nanophotonics

12 questions

Nicola A. Spaldin

Multiferroics; computational materials physics

15 questions

Pablo Jarillo-Herrero

Two-dimensional materials; moiré quantum matter

20 questions

Peter W. Shor

Quantum computing; quantum information; algorithms

15 questions

Philip W. Anderson

Condensed matter physics; disorder; localization

1977 Nobel Prize in Physics

14 questions

Pierre-Gilles de Gennes

Soft matter; liquid crystals; polymer physics

1991 Nobel Prize in Physics

24 questions

Qikun Xue

Surface physics; topological quantum matter; superconductivity

16 questions

Ramamoorthy Ramesh

Multiferroics; oxide electronics

19 questions

Richard P. Feynman

Quantum electrodynamics; quantum theory; particle physics

1965 Nobel Prize in Physics

1 questions

Robert B. Laughlin

Quantum Hall effect; condensed matter physics

1998 Nobel Prize in Physics

5 questions

Robert Schrieffer

Superconductivity; condensed matter physics

1972 Nobel Prize in Physics

4 questions

Roger Penrose

General relativity; black holes; mathematical physics

2020 Nobel Prize in Physics

6 questions

Roy J. Glauber

Quantum optics; optical coherence

2005 Nobel Prize in Physics

25 questions

Sajeev John

Photonic crystals; localization of light

16 questions

Sheldon Glashow

Particle physics; electroweak theory

1979 Nobel Prize in Physics

6 questions

Sin-Itiro Tomonaga

Quantum electrodynamics; quantum field theory

1965 Nobel Prize in Physics

2 questions

Sir Nevill F. Mott

Condensed matter physics; metal–insulator transitions

1977 Nobel Prize in Physics

11 questions

Stephen E. Harris

Quantum optics; nonlinear optics

7 questions

Stephen R. Forrest

Organic electronics; optoelectronic devices

12 questions

Stephen W. Hawking

Cosmology; black holes; quantum gravity

15 questions

Steven Weinberg

Particle physics; quantum field theory; cosmology

1979 Nobel Prize in Physics

27 questions

Stuart S. P. Parkin

Spintronics; magnetic memory

13 questions

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar

Stellar structure; astrophysics

1983 Nobel Prize in Physics

20 questions

Sumio Iijima

Carbon nanotubes; nanomaterials; electron microscopy

18 questions

Susumu Noda

Photonic crystals; semiconductor photonics

9 questions

Syukuro Manabe

Climate dynamics; climate modelling

2021 Nobel Prize in Physics

8 questions

Toshihide Maskawa

Particle physics; CP violation

2008 Nobel Prize in Physics

8 questions

Ulf Leonhardt

Quantum optics; transformation optics

6 questions

Vitaly L. Ginzburg

Superconductivity; superfluidity; astrophysics

2003 Nobel Prize in Physics

1 questions

Vladimir M. Shalaev

Nanophotonics; metamaterials

7 questions

Werner Heisenberg

Quantum mechanics; particle physics

1932 Nobel Prize in Physics

10 questions

William A. Fowler

Nuclear astrophysics; stellar nucleosynthesis

1983 Nobel Prize in Physics

1 questions

Wolfgang Pauli

Quantum mechanics; particle physics

1945 Nobel Prize in Physics

2 questions

Yakir Aharonov

Foundations of quantum theory; quantum measurement

10 questions

Yoichiro Nambu

Particle physics; spontaneous symmetry breaking

2008 Nobel Prize in Physics

20 questions

Yoshinori Tokura

Strongly correlated electrons; multiferroics

16 questions

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