Scientists / Open questions
All scientists
01 / Mathematics
Mathematicians
Shiing-Shen Chern
Differential geometry; characteristic classes
9 questionsDavid Hilbert
Number theory; foundations of geometry; mathematical logic
13 questionsTerence Tao
Harmonic analysis; partial differential equations; number theory
2006 Fields Medal
17 questionsAkshay Venkatesh
Number theory; automorphic forms; homogeneous dynamics
2018 Fields Medal
9 questionsAlain Connes
Noncommutative geometry; operator algebras
1982 Fields Medal
17 questionsAlan Baker
Number theory; transcendental numbers
1970 Fields Medal
10 questionsAlan Turing
Computability; mathematical logic; cryptanalysis
3 questionsAlessio Figalli
Optimal transport; partial differential equations; calculus of variations
2018 Fields Medal
28 questionsAlexander Grothendieck
Algebraic geometry; category theory
1966 Fields Medal
14 questionsAndré Weil
Number theory; algebraic geometry
7 questionsAndrei Okounkov
Representation theory; algebraic geometry; probability
2006 Fields Medal
8 questionsArtur Avila
Dynamical systems; spectral theory
2014 Fields Medal
21 questionsAtle Selberg
Analytic number theory; automorphic forms
1950 Fields Medal
1 questionsCaucher Birkar
Algebraic geometry; birational geometry
2018 Fields Medal
17 questionsCédric Villani
Partial differential equations; optimal transport; kinetic theory
2010 Fields Medal
5 questionsCharles Louis Fefferman
Harmonic analysis; partial differential equations
1978 Fields Medal
13 questionsCurtis T. Mcmullen
Dynamical systems; hyperbolic geometry
1998 Fields Medal
29 questionsEfim Zelmanov
Group theory; Lie algebras; nonassociative algebra
1994 Fields Medal
8 questionsÉlie Cartan
Differential geometry; Lie groups and Lie algebras
1 questionsElon Lindenstrauss
Ergodic theory; dynamical systems; number theory
2010 Fields Medal
15 questionsEmmy Noether
Abstract algebra; symmetries and conservation laws
4 questionsEnrico Bombieri
Number theory; analysis; minimal surfaces
1974 Fields Medal
7 questionsGerd Faltings
Arithmetic geometry; number theory
1986 Fields Medal
3 questionsHeisuke Hironaka
Algebraic geometry; resolution of singularities
1970 Fields Medal
3 questionsHenri Poincaré
Dynamical systems; topology; celestial mechanics
5 questionsHermann Weyl
Differential geometry; representation theory; mathematical physics
10 questionsHong Wang
Harmonic analysis; geometric measure theory
2026 Fields Medal
2 questionsHugo Duminil-Copin
Probability; statistical physics; phase transitions
2022 Fields Medal
8 questionsIngrid Daubechies
Wavelet analysis; applied harmonic analysis
10 questionsIsrael M. Gelfand
Representation theory; functional analysis
6 questionsJacob Tsimerman
Number theory; arithmetic geometry
2026 Fields Medal
3 questionsJames Maynard
Analytic number theory; distribution of primes
2022 Fields Medal
9 questionsJean Bourgain
Harmonic analysis; ergodic theory; partial differential equations
1994 Fields Medal
25 questionsJean-Christophe Yoccoz
Dynamical systems; complex dynamics
1994 Fields Medal
3 questionsJean-Pierre Serre
Algebraic geometry; number theory; topology
1954 Fields Medal
29 questionsJesse Douglas
Minimal surfaces; calculus of variations
1936 Fields Medal
3 questionsJohn F. Nash Jr.
Game theory; differential geometry; partial differential equations
1994 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences
1 questionsJohn Pardon
Geometric topology; symplectic geometry
2026 Fields Medal
3 questionsJohn von Neumann
Operator algebras; quantum mechanics; game theory
2 questionsJohn Willard Milnor
Differential topology; dynamical systems
1962 Fields Medal
2 questionsKunihiko Kodaira
Complex geometry; algebraic geometry
1954 Fields Medal
6 questionsKurt Gödel
Mathematical logic; set theory
1 questionsLars Hörmander
Partial differential equations; microlocal analysis
1962 Fields Medal
28 questionsLaurent Schwartz
Distribution theory; functional analysis
1950 Fields Medal
3 questionsManjul Bhargava
Number theory; arithmetic statistics
2014 Fields Medal
2 questionsMartin Hairer
Stochastic analysis; stochastic partial differential equations
2014 Fields Medal
7 questionsMaryam Mirzakhani
Hyperbolic geometry; moduli spaces; dynamical systems
2014 Fields Medal
9 questionsMaryna Viazovska
Number theory; sphere packing; modular forms
2022 Fields Medal
2 questionsMaxim Kontsevich
Algebraic geometry; topology; mathematical physics
1998 Fields Medal
2 questionsMichael Francis Atiyah
Geometric topology; index theory; mathematical physics
1966 Fields Medal
9 questionsMichael H. Freedman
Low-dimensional topology; topological quantum computing
1986 Fields Medal
20 questionsPaul Erdős
Number theory; combinatorics; graph theory
41 questionsPeter Scholze
Arithmetic geometry; p-adic geometry
2018 Fields Medal
4 questionsPierre-Louis Lions
Nonlinear partial differential equations; mathematical physics
1994 Fields Medal
46 questionsRichard E. Borcherds
Algebra; automorphic forms; vertex algebras
1998 Fields Medal
8 questionsShigefumi Mori
Algebraic geometry; birational geometry
1990 Fields Medal
5 questionsShing-Tung Yau
Differential geometry; geometric analysis
1982 Fields Medal
57 questionsSimon K. Donaldson
Differential geometry; four-dimensional topology; gauge theory
1986 Fields Medal
1 questionsStanislav Smirnov
Probability; critical phenomena; conformal invariance
2010 Fields Medal
1 questionsStéphane Mallat
Wavelet analysis; signal processing; machine learning
10 questionsStephen Smale
Differential topology; dynamical systems
1966 Fields Medal
3 questionsVaughan F.R. Jones
Operator algebras; knot theory
1990 Fields Medal
4 questionsVladimir Drinfeld
Number theory; algebraic geometry; quantum groups
1990 Fields Medal
1 questionsVladimir I. Arnold
Dynamical systems; symplectic geometry; singularity theory
12 questionsWendelin Werner
Probability; stochastic processes; conformal invariance
2006 Fields Medal
24 questionsWilliam P. Thurston
Low-dimensional topology; hyperbolic geometry
1982 Fields Medal
4 questionsYu Deng
Partial differential equations; wave turbulence; mathematical physics
2026 Fields Medal
6 questionsYves Meyer
Harmonic analysis; wavelet theory
1 questions02 / Physics
Physicists
Chen Ning Yang
Particle physics; gauge theory; statistical physics
1957 Nobel Prize in Physics
15 questionsJohn Bardeen
Semiconductor physics; superconductivity
1956, 1972 Nobel Prize in Physics
18 questionsPaul A.M. Dirac
Quantum mechanics; quantum field theory
1933 Nobel Prize in Physics
28 questionsAbdus Salam
Particle physics; electroweak unification
1979 Nobel Prize in Physics
26 questionsAlbert Einstein
Relativity; quantum theory; statistical physics
1921 Nobel Prize in Physics
1 questionsAlexei Abrikosov
Condensed matter physics; superconductivity
2003 Nobel Prize in Physics
56 questionsAlexei Y. Kitaev
Quantum computing; topological quantum matter
12 questionsAllan H. MacDonald
Quantum Hall effect; two-dimensional electron systems
12 questionsAndrea Alù
Metamaterials; nanophotonics; electromagnetics
7 questionsAnthony J. Leggett
Superfluidity; quantum many-body theory
2003 Nobel Prize in Physics
11 questionsBen R. Mottelson
Nuclear physics; collective nuclear motion
1975 Nobel Prize in Physics
13 questionsBertrand I. Halperin
Condensed matter theory; critical phenomena; quantum Hall effect
13 questionsBrian D. Josephson
Superconductivity; quantum tunnelling
1973 Nobel Prize in Physics
5 questionsCharles L. Kane
Condensed matter theory; topological insulators
16 questionsChihaya Adachi
Organic optoelectronics; luminescent materials
15 questionsClaude Cohen-Tannoudji
Atomic physics; laser cooling; quantum optics
1997 Nobel Prize in Physics
10 questionsDavid Deutsch
Quantum computing; foundations of quantum theory
3 questionsDavid J. Gross
Particle physics; quantum field theory; string theory
2004 Nobel Prize in Physics
22 questionsDavid J. Thouless
Condensed matter physics; topological phase transitions
2016 Nobel Prize in Physics
9 questionsDavid N. Payne
Fibre lasers; optical fibre communications
6 questionsDavid R. Smith
Metamaterials; electromagnetics; transformation optics
9 questionsEdward Witten
String theory; quantum field theory; mathematical physics
1990 Fields Medal
83 questionsEli Yablonovitch
Photonic crystals; optoelectronics
15 questionsEmmanuel Desurvire
Optical fibre amplifiers; optical communications
1 questionsEnrico Fermi
Nuclear physics; particle physics; statistical physics
1938 Nobel Prize in Physics
10 questionsErwin Schrödinger
Quantum mechanics; statistical physics
1933 Nobel Prize in Physics
1 questionsEugene J. Mele
Condensed matter physics; topological insulators
6 questionsEugene Wigner
Quantum mechanics; symmetry; nuclear physics
1963 Nobel Prize in Physics
4 questionsEva Y. Andrei
Two-dimensional electron systems; graphene; condensed matter physics
8 questionsF. Duncan M. Haldane
Quantum many-body physics; topological phases
2016 Nobel Prize in Physics
16 questionsFederico Capasso
Quantum cascade lasers; metasurfaces; flat optics
7 questionsFrançois Englert
Particle physics; spontaneous symmetry breaking
2013 Nobel Prize in Physics
9 questionsFrank Wilczek
Quantum field theory; particle physics
2004 Nobel Prize in Physics
48 questionsFreeman J. Dyson
Quantum electrodynamics; mathematical physics
17 questionsGeorge V. Eleftheriades
Metamaterials; electromagnetics; antennas
12 questionsGerardus 't Hooft
Quantum field theory; particle physics; quantum gravity
1999 Nobel Prize in Physics
5 questionsGiorgio Parisi
Statistical physics; disordered and complex systems
2021 Nobel Prize in Physics
166 questionsH. David Politzer
Quantum field theory; quantum chromodynamics
2004 Nobel Prize in Physics
27 questionsHans Bethe
Nuclear physics; stellar energy production
1967 Nobel Prize in Physics
6 questionsHerbert Kroemer
Semiconductor physics; heterostructure devices
2000 Nobel Prize in Physics
44 questionsHideki Yukawa
Particle physics; theory of nuclear forces
1949 Nobel Prize in Physics
4 questionsHideo Hosono
Materials science; oxide semiconductors; superconductivity
15 questionsHideo Ohno
Spintronics; semiconductor magnetism
17 questionsImmanuel Bloch
Ultracold atoms; quantum simulation; quantum many-body physics
20 questionsJ. Hans D. Jensen
Nuclear physics; nuclear shell model
1963 Nobel Prize in Physics
6 questionsJames Rainwater
Nuclear physics; nuclear structure
1975 Nobel Prize in Physics
2 questionsJeffrey S. Hangst
Antimatter; antihydrogen; precision measurements
4 questionsJohn B. Pendry
Metamaterials; transformation optics; condensed matter theory
7 questionsJohn H. Van Vleck
Quantum mechanics; magnetism
1977 Nobel Prize in Physics
19 questionsJohn J. Hopfield
Neural networks; condensed matter physics; biophysics
2024 Nobel Prize in Physics
13 questionsJohn Preskill
Quantum information; quantum computing
13 questionsJulian Schwinger
Quantum field theory; quantum electrodynamics
1965 Nobel Prize in Physics
22 questionsJun Ye
Atomic clocks; precision measurements; ultracold molecules
9 questionsKenneth G. Wilson
Renormalization group; critical phenomena
1982 Nobel Prize in Physics
24 questionsKip S. Thorne
General relativity; black holes; gravitational waves
2017 Nobel Prize in Physics
28 questionsKlaus Hasselmann
Climate dynamics; stochastic climate models
2021 Nobel Prize in Physics
11 questionsLene Vestergaard Hau
Ultracold atoms; quantum optics; slow light
2 questionsLeon N. Cooper
Superconductivity; neuroscience
1972 Nobel Prize in Physics
39 questionsLev Landau
Condensed matter physics; quantum theory; fluid mechanics
1962 Nobel Prize in Physics
2 questionsLord Rayleigh
Acoustics; optics; fluid mechanics
1904 Nobel Prize in Physics
1 questionsMakoto Kobayashi
Particle physics; CP violation
2008 Nobel Prize in Physics
45 questionsMark E. Thompson
Organic light-emitting materials; optoelectronic materials
10 questionsMartinus J.G. Veltman
Particle physics; quantum field theory
1999 Nobel Prize in Physics
1 questionsMasataka Nakazawa
Optical fibre communications; ultrashort optical pulses
3 questionsMax Born
Quantum mechanics; lattice dynamics
1954 Nobel Prize in Physics
20 questionsMax Planck
Quantum theory; thermodynamics
1918 Nobel Prize in Physics
2 questionsMax von Laue
Crystallography; X-ray diffraction
1914 Nobel Prize in Physics
1 questionsMichael V. Berry
Geometric phases; semiclassical physics; wave optics
14 questionsMurray Gell-Mann
Particle physics; quark model
1969 Nobel Prize in Physics
9 questionsNader Engheta
Electromagnetics; metamaterials; nanophotonics
12 questionsNicola A. Spaldin
Multiferroics; computational materials physics
15 questionsPablo Jarillo-Herrero
Two-dimensional materials; moiré quantum matter
20 questionsPeter W. Shor
Quantum computing; quantum information; algorithms
15 questionsPhilip W. Anderson
Condensed matter physics; disorder; localization
1977 Nobel Prize in Physics
14 questionsPierre-Gilles de Gennes
Soft matter; liquid crystals; polymer physics
1991 Nobel Prize in Physics
24 questionsQikun Xue
Surface physics; topological quantum matter; superconductivity
16 questionsRamamoorthy Ramesh
Multiferroics; oxide electronics
19 questionsRichard P. Feynman
Quantum electrodynamics; quantum theory; particle physics
1965 Nobel Prize in Physics
1 questionsRobert B. Laughlin
Quantum Hall effect; condensed matter physics
1998 Nobel Prize in Physics
5 questionsRobert Schrieffer
Superconductivity; condensed matter physics
1972 Nobel Prize in Physics
4 questionsRoger Penrose
General relativity; black holes; mathematical physics
2020 Nobel Prize in Physics
6 questionsRoy J. Glauber
Quantum optics; optical coherence
2005 Nobel Prize in Physics
25 questionsSajeev John
Photonic crystals; localization of light
16 questionsSheldon Glashow
Particle physics; electroweak theory
1979 Nobel Prize in Physics
6 questionsSin-Itiro Tomonaga
Quantum electrodynamics; quantum field theory
1965 Nobel Prize in Physics
2 questionsSir Nevill F. Mott
Condensed matter physics; metal–insulator transitions
1977 Nobel Prize in Physics
11 questionsStephen E. Harris
Quantum optics; nonlinear optics
7 questionsStephen R. Forrest
Organic electronics; optoelectronic devices
12 questionsStephen W. Hawking
Cosmology; black holes; quantum gravity
15 questionsSteven Weinberg
Particle physics; quantum field theory; cosmology
1979 Nobel Prize in Physics
27 questionsStuart S. P. Parkin
Spintronics; magnetic memory
13 questionsSubrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
Stellar structure; astrophysics
1983 Nobel Prize in Physics
20 questionsSumio Iijima
Carbon nanotubes; nanomaterials; electron microscopy
18 questionsSusumu Noda
Photonic crystals; semiconductor photonics
9 questionsSyukuro Manabe
Climate dynamics; climate modelling
2021 Nobel Prize in Physics
8 questionsToshihide Maskawa
Particle physics; CP violation
2008 Nobel Prize in Physics
8 questionsUlf Leonhardt
Quantum optics; transformation optics
6 questionsVitaly L. Ginzburg
Superconductivity; superfluidity; astrophysics
2003 Nobel Prize in Physics
1 questionsVladimir M. Shalaev
Nanophotonics; metamaterials
7 questionsWerner Heisenberg
Quantum mechanics; particle physics
1932 Nobel Prize in Physics
10 questionsWilliam A. Fowler
Nuclear astrophysics; stellar nucleosynthesis
1983 Nobel Prize in Physics
1 questionsWolfgang Pauli
Quantum mechanics; particle physics
1945 Nobel Prize in Physics
2 questionsYakir Aharonov
Foundations of quantum theory; quantum measurement
10 questionsYoichiro Nambu
Particle physics; spontaneous symmetry breaking
2008 Nobel Prize in Physics
20 questionsYoshinori Tokura
Strongly correlated electrons; multiferroics
16 questions