Scientists / Open questions

Makoto Kobayashi

Particle physics; CP violation

2008 Nobel Prize in Physics

45 questions

Mechanism and quantitative description of the reduction behavior of the Fe2O3-SiO2 nanocomposite hot-gas-desulfurization sorbent in coal gas
Capacity-loss mechanisms in cycled zinc ferrite–silica hot-gas desulfurization sorbents: capacity retention beyond the 20-cycle window
Direct verification of the microstructural basis of low-temperature toughness in N2-gas internally nitrided TZM alloy: the nitride dispersion in the 250Hv condition and grain-boundary nitrogen segregation
Long-duration, plant-condition validation of the dry syngas purification process (halide and sulfur removal with regenerable fixed-bed sorbents) for oxy-fuel integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power generation with CO2 capture
Component-level physiological attribution of paired-pulse modulation of polyphasic human motor evoked potentials
Mechanism and selectivity control of the modified Wichterle cyclization: how α-(3-chloro-2-butenyl)ketones give Δ2-cyclohexenones in strongly acidic organic media
Carbon deposition and regeneration behavior of zinc ferrite desulfurization sorbents in oxy-fuel IGCC dry gas desulfurization under full plant pressure and long-term cyclic operation
Emphasizing and detecting ground-penetrating-radar reflection waves near and beyond the analytical limit for accurate buried-pipe localization
Pathophysiology of unidirectional ocular flutter: the mechanism of directionally biased saccadic oscillations
Allowable long-term halide concentration in fuel gas for extended molten carbonate fuel cell operation
Extending nondestructive near-infrared laser transmission inspection of whole beans beyond green mold: spectral origin, detectability of white mold, brown mold, and parching/stiffening, and quantified detection limits
Microscopic basis, temperature range, and cross-solute universality of 'iceberg'-type structured hydrophobic hydration and its quantitative role in aqueous solubility and critical micelle concentration
Multi-loop stability of the anomalous Gauss-law commutator in chiral gauge theory: is the Schwinger term one-loop exact, with the descent form $\omega_3^2$ persisting to all orders?
Completing and validating a freely rewritable tactile drawing system for blind users
Rubakov-Callan-type charge exchange in fermion scattering on nonabelian Kaluza-Klein monopoles in $d \geq 6$
Capillary-wave-driven protrusion formation and satellite-droplet ejection in collisions of droplets with different surface tensions: quantitative theory and regime boundaries (ethanol–water)
Extending the $S$ -duality soliton computation of $\theta$ -term-induced electric dipole moments beyond $N=2$ supersymmetry
Extending and validating the tritium transport model for Li $_2$ TiO $_3$ breeder pebbles: realistic pore distributions, bed-scale purge-gas coupling, and kinetic-parameter determination
Electrochemical transient signatures of intergranular stress corrosion cracking of Alloy 600 in borated and lithiated high-temperature water: mechanism discrimination, double-layer capacitance, and initiation diagnostics
Mechanism of thermal quenching of Mn⁴⁺ deep-red luminescence in perovskite titanate phosphors (La₂MTiO₆:Mn⁴⁺, M = Mg, Zn, vs SrTiO₃:Mn⁴⁺)
Operating mechanism and optimization of the pulsed-field-magnetized bulk-superconducting stepping motor for a liquid-nitrogen pump

Back to open problems

Mechanism and quantitative description of the reduction behavior of the Fe2O3-SiO2 nanocomposite hot-gas-desulfurization sorbent in coal gas

Capacity-loss mechanisms in cycled zinc ferrite–silica hot-gas desulfurization sorbents: capacity retention beyond the 20-cycle window

Direct verification of the microstructural basis of low-temperature toughness in N2-gas internally nitrided TZM alloy: the nitride dispersion in the 250Hv condition and grain-boundary nitrogen segregation

Long-duration, plant-condition validation of the dry syngas purification process (halide and sulfur removal with regenerable fixed-bed sorbents) for oxy-fuel integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power generation with CO2 capture

Component-level physiological attribution of paired-pulse modulation of polyphasic human motor evoked potentials

Mechanism and selectivity control of the modified Wichterle cyclization: how α-(3-chloro-2-butenyl)ketones give Δ2-cyclohexenones in strongly acidic organic media

Carbon deposition and regeneration behavior of zinc ferrite desulfurization sorbents in oxy-fuel IGCC dry gas desulfurization under full plant pressure and long-term cyclic operation

Emphasizing and detecting ground-penetrating-radar reflection waves near and beyond the analytical limit for accurate buried-pipe localization

Pathophysiology of unidirectional ocular flutter: the mechanism of directionally biased saccadic oscillations

Allowable long-term halide concentration in fuel gas for extended molten carbonate fuel cell operation

Extending nondestructive near-infrared laser transmission inspection of whole beans beyond green mold: spectral origin, detectability of white mold, brown mold, and parching/stiffening, and quantified detection limits

Microscopic basis, temperature range, and cross-solute universality of 'iceberg'-type structured hydrophobic hydration and its quantitative role in aqueous solubility and critical micelle concentration

Multi-loop stability of the anomalous Gauss-law commutator in chiral gauge theory: is the Schwinger term one-loop exact, with the descent form ω32\omega_3^2ω32​ persisting to all orders?

Completing and validating a freely rewritable tactile drawing system for blind users

Rubakov-Callan-type charge exchange in fermion scattering on nonabelian Kaluza-Klein monopoles in d≥6d \geq 6d≥6

Capillary-wave-driven protrusion formation and satellite-droplet ejection in collisions of droplets with different surface tensions: quantitative theory and regime boundaries (ethanol–water)

Extending the SSS-duality soliton computation of θ\thetaθ-term-induced electric dipole moments beyond N=2N=2N=2 supersymmetry

Extending and validating the tritium transport model for Li2_22​TiO3_33​ breeder pebbles: realistic pore distributions, bed-scale purge-gas coupling, and kinetic-parameter determination

Electrochemical transient signatures of intergranular stress corrosion cracking of Alloy 600 in borated and lithiated high-temperature water: mechanism discrimination, double-layer capacitance, and initiation diagnostics

Mechanism of thermal quenching of Mn⁴⁺ deep-red luminescence in perovskite titanate phosphors (La₂MTiO₆:Mn⁴⁺, M = Mg, Zn, vs SrTiO₃:Mn⁴⁺)

Operating mechanism and optimization of the pulsed-field-magnetized bulk-superconducting stepping motor for a liquid-nitrogen pump

Multi-loop stability of the anomalous Gauss-law commutator in chiral gauge theory: is the Schwinger term one-loop exact, with the descent form $\omega_3^2$ persisting to all orders?

Rubakov-Callan-type charge exchange in fermion scattering on nonabelian Kaluza-Klein monopoles in $d \geq 6$

Extending the $S$ -duality soliton computation of $\theta$ -term-induced electric dipole moments beyond $N=2$ supersymmetry

Extending and validating the tritium transport model for Li $_2$ TiO $_3$ breeder pebbles: realistic pore distributions, bed-scale purge-gas coupling, and kinetic-parameter determination