Disciplines / Research questions

Physics

691 research topics · 2739 questions

YY-system2 questions
  1. Representation-theoretic origin of the sine-Gordon and reduced sine-Gordon Y-systems and T-systems

    Open for about 13 years
  2. Colored-mutation counts and root-system cardinalities in Zamolodchikov periodic cluster algebras

    Open for less than 1 year
Z=Tr⁡(ABCD)Z=\operatorname{Tr}(ABCD)3 questions
  1. Unusual finite-correlation-length corrections to block entanglement in massive one-dimensional systems: dominant primaries and amplitudes, validity beyond integrability, crossover, and other measures

  2. Entanglement-entropy program for Forrester–Baxter RSOS models beyond regime III: universality classes of the remaining regimes, logarithmic-limit entropy normalization, finite-interval lattice methods, and integrable extensions to coset models and multipartite measures

  3. Momentum-resolved entanglement spectra from corner transfer matrices

The Physical Nature of Dark Energy and the Mystery of Antimatter Loss6 questions
  1. Microscopic foundation and late-time dynamics of the Schwarzian-ensemble cosmological constant

    Open for less than 1 year
  2. Does the highly suppressed detection probability of primordial antimatter survive a complete quantum-field-theoretic treatment and quantitatively explain the matter-antimatter asymmetry?

    Open for about 4 years
  3. Realistic multi-flavor completion and full experimental testability of quasi-Dirac leptogenesis

    Open for about 6 years
  4. Leptogenesis from low-energy CPCP violation alone: naturalness, RR-matrix classification, and predictive ηB\eta_B–observable relations

    Open for about 24 years
  5. Is dark energy evolving? Robustness, functional form, and model selection for the DESI DR2 + Pantheon+ + cosmic-chronometer preference for dynamical dark energy

    Open for about 28 years
  6. Survival and collapse of primordial antimatter domains into antistars, and their observable annihilation signatures

    Open for about 33 years
Properties of dark matter1 questions
  1. Very light right-handed neutrinos as warm dark matter in the minimal left-right symmetric model: joint cosmological and strong-CP viability

    Open for about 6 years
Multiwavelength detection of dark matter annihilation signals6 questions
  1. Can dark matter annihilation jointly explain the Galactic Center and M31 gamma-ray excesses? Identification or exclusion under controlled systematics

    Open for about 5 years
  2. Unmeasured magnetic fields and electron transport in dwarf spheroidal galaxies: the limiting systematic for radio dark-matter searches in Reticulum II

    Open for about 13 years
  3. The survival of the dark-matter interpretation of the Fermi-LAT Galactic center excess under consolidated gamma-ray, antiproton, and positron constraints

    Open for about 5 years
  4. Sensitivity optimization of the dark-matter Hα recombination-line search in gas-rich dwarf galaxies: matched filtering, Balmer-line discrimination, and stacked ELT forecasts

    Open for less than 1 year
  5. Viability of annihilating dark matter as the origin of the cosmic-ray positron excess under quantified multi-messenger constraints

    Open for about 17 years
  6. Robustness of annihilating dark matter constraints from radio continuum spectra of star-forming dwarf galaxies

    Open for about 5 years
The eight-vertex model and XYZ quantum chain correspondence2 questions
  1. Explicit form factors of local operators for generic eigenstates of the XYZ chain: solving the cascade system for imbalanced scalar products in the generalized algebraic Bethe ansatz

    Open for about 6 years
  2. Rigorous foundations of Baxter's T−QT-Q relation for the generic periodic spin-12\frac{1}{2} XYZ chain: β=p\beta=p, completeness, and singular solutions

Critical singularities of the eight-vertex model2 questions
  1. Continuous transitions on the J<UJ<U critical curves and sharpness on the J>0>UJ>0>U self-dual curve of the two-dimensional Ashkin–Teller model

    Open for about 55 years
  2. Extended scaling relations for the eight-vertex and Ashkin-Teller models beyond the small-coupling regime

    Open for about 50 years
Symmetry of the Eight-Vertex Model3 questions
  1. Multicritical structure and emergent symmetries of the interacting Majorana chain with competing interactions

    Open for about 3 years
  2. Critical behavior of the eight-vertex model in a field beyond the c=d subspace: robustness of weak universality and the electric critical exponents

    Open for about 10 years
  3. Symmetry operators generalizing the Chevalley generators, and the underlying symmetry algebra, of the eight-vertex model at elliptic roots of unity

Lattice supersymmetry in the eight-vertex model3 questions
  1. Prove the inhomogeneous eigenvalue formula for the supersymmetric eight-vertex model on a strip (Hagendorf–Liénardy Conjecture 5.1)

    Open for about 6 years
  2. The inhomogeneous eigenvalue conjecture for the periodic supersymmetric eight-vertex model

  3. Ground state of the supersymmetric XYZ spin chain: unconditional proof of the Bazhanov–Mangazeev, Razumov–Stroganov and Zinn-Justin eigenvector, sum-rule and positivity conjectures

The phase diagram of the eight-vertex model3 questions
  1. Phase diagram and optimal threshold of the random alternating eight-vertex model for the toric code under depolarizing noise

    Open for about 14 years
  2. Universality classes and electric critical exponents of the eight-vertex model in external fields beyond the c=dc=d subspace

    Open for about 10 years
  3. Critical behaviour of the planar Ashkin–Teller model: rigorous critical exponents and the order of the J<UJ < U transitions

Star–triangle and Yang–Baxter relations in the eight-vertex model2 questions
  1. Solvability and spectral structure of the zero-temperature (root-of-unity) limit of the Bazhanov–Sergeev master solution of the star-triangle relation

    Open for about 16 years
  2. Commuting transfer matrices for the asymmetric and staggered odd eight-vertex model

    Open for about 8 years
The free energy of the eight-vertex model4 questions
  1. Commuting transfer matrices for the odd eight-vertex model with asymmetric weights: the free-fermion manifold and the staggered two-Lax-operator product

    Open for about 8 years
  2. Low-lying excited states of the eight-vertex model with an odd number of lattice sites

    Open for about 20 years
  3. Proof of the inhomogeneous eigenvalue conjecture for the supersymmetric eight-vertex model on a strip with open boundary conditions (Hagendorf–Liénardy Conjecture 5.1)

    Open for about 6 years
  4. Rigorous proof of the Baxter–Kelland spontaneous-polarization formula of the eight-vertex model

Spectral structure model and experimental validation of semiconductor lasers6 questions
  1. Microscopic origin of the gain-saturation parameters governing longitudinal mode competition in (Al,In)GaN laser diodes

    Open for about 11 years
  2. Systematic mode-truncation control and noise-driven mode dynamics in longitudinal-mode analysis of multisection semiconductor lasers

    Open for about 22 years
  3. Generalizing the revisited semiconductor-laser linewidth theory: carrier noise, gain coupling, and power-profile fluctuations

    Open for about 5 years
  4. Completing the Wigner-function quantum-Boltzmann model of quantum-well semiconductor lasers: microscopic scattering and carrier capture, stochastic spontaneous emission, dynamical operation, and experimental validation

    Open for about 21 years
  5. Direct experimental verification of the predicted semiconductor-laser line forms and extension of the amplitude-fluctuation line-form model to VCSEL and microcavity lasers

    Open for about 14 years
  6. Sidemode coupling and fiber-dispersion corrections to model-based delayed self-heterodyne linewidth measurement of Littrow external-cavity diode lasers

    Open for less than 1 year
Electronic States and Luminescence Behavior in Semiconductor Nanocomposite Structures3 questions
  1. Origin of the infrared-excitation-induced red shift of two-photon luminescence in CdTe quantum dots embedded in porous silicon oxide

    Open for about 15 years
  2. Restoring the stoichiometry of ZnSe quantum dots in melt-quenched glass by selenium-rich processing and determining the role of the Zn/Se ratio in band-gap formation

    Open for about 11 years
  3. Microscopic origin and energetic assignment of the in-gap defect states underlying broadband photodetection in bicrystalline (GaN)1-x(ZnO)x solid-solution nanowires

    Open for about 21 years
All-optical buffer containing address information4 questions
  1. Network-scale analysis of WDM loop-buffer optical packet switches: multi-hop circulation budgets, regeneration placement, and end-to-end loss, delay, and cost

    Open for about 19 years
  2. Scaling and error-rate quantification of four-wave-mixing-based all-optical recognition of double 2D-OOC labels for optical packet switching

    Open for about 15 years
  3. Performance envelope of power-encoded variable all-optical packet buffering based on self-phase-modulation-induced spectral broadening: power budget, coherence, delay granularity, and selector alternatives

    Open for about 15 years
  4. Fully all-optical operation of the polarization-bistable-VCSEL header-recognition packet switch: replacing the electrical control path with SOA-MZI elements and experimentally characterizing multi-bit OSNR and extinction-ratio degradation

    Open for about 11 years
Boundary Bethe Ansatz3 questions
  1. Nested algebraic Bethe ansatz for open gl(m|n) spin chains beyond NABA couples: general boundary matrices and the Bethe-vector structure theory

  2. Baxter Q-operator for the open τ2\tau_2-model with arbitrary boundary fields

  3. Rigorous completeness of the boundary-parameter Q-system for the open Heisenberg spin chain: the open-chain analogue of the Mukhin–Tarasov–Varchenko theorem

Boundary bound states2 questions
  1. Interacting edge zero modes, the boundary-field phase diagram, and the status of branch-mixed boundary strings in the sine-Gordon/massive Thirring model with Dirichlet boundaries

  2. Complete Bethe-ansatz classification of localized many-body bound states and their bound-states-in-the-continuum windows in the interacting open lattice

Boundary free energy3 questions
  1. Generic-weight thermodynamics of the six-vertex model in an L-shaped domain

  2. Quenched surface disorder at the two-dimensional critical Ising surface: proving marginal irrelevance and the exact logarithmic correction structure of surface free energies and critical Casimir quantities

  3. Rigorous derivation of the conjectured surface and corner free energies of the anisotropic triangular-lattice Ising model, and resolution of the corner-factor gauge ambiguity

Surface plasmons and quantum information6 questions
  1. Extending surface-plasmon-polariton-mediated quantum teleportation beyond single-qubit polarization transfer

    Open for about 6 years
  2. Strong coherent coupling between single NV-centre spins and single surface plasmon polariton modes at room temperature

    Open for about 17 years
  3. Completing the microscopic Power-Zienau-Woolley quantum theory of surface plasmon polaritons: dissipation, gauge consistency under modal truncation, layered geometries, open-system emitter dynamics, and ultrastrong-coupling phenomenology

    Open for less than 1 year
  4. Complete quantum theory of surface-plasmon polariton scattering at metal–dielectric interfaces: evanescent-mode observables, reciprocity, and multimode wave packets

    Open for about 16 years
  5. Quantum decoherence of surface plasmon polaritons in the near-plasmon-resonance regime: testing the linear uncorrelated Markovian loss model

    Open for about 14 years
  6. Optical opacity of a single quantum emitter to individual plasmons: the quantum-nonlinear regime and integrated quantum devices from emitter–metallic-nanowire coupling

    Open for about 19 years
Study on the kinetic processes of ice surface melting7 questions
  1. Microscopic foundations and experimental validation of the mesoscopic kinetic theory of ice growth from premelting films and condensing droplets

    Open for about 5 years
  2. Cold self-lubrication of sliding ice: is displacement-driven amorphization the dominant liquefaction mechanism in realistic sliding, and what is its quantitative domain of applicability?

    Open for about 2 years
  3. Model-robust transition dynamics and metastable states during premelting and freezing of ice Ih surfaces

    Open for about 3 years
  4. Dynamical inhomogeneity of quasi-liquid layers on ice: characteristic domain scale, vapor-pressure dependence, temperature-robust classification, and fast solid-like/liquid-like switching

    Open for about 2 years
  5. Complete versus partial wetting of ice by brine at the ice-brine-vapor three-phase line: the open-ensemble fate of salt-enhanced premelting films

    Open for less than 1 year
  6. Mass-transfer kinetics, molecular structure, and ice–vapor interfacial energetics of the two kinetically formed quasi-liquid layers (α- and β-QLLs) on ice crystal surfaces

    Open for about 10 years
  7. Layer-resolved dynamics, transport, and dynamical arrest of the quasi-liquid layer on the surface of ice

    Open for about 7 years
Ice Rule3 questions
  1. Exact residual entropies of hexagonal and cubic ice: largest eigenvalues of the layer transfer matrices M\mathbf{M}, MMT\mathbf{M}\mathbf{M}^T, and M′\mathbf{M}'

    Open for about 90 years
  2. Ground-state manifold and residual entropy of the checkerboard-lattice Ising model with crossing and four-spin interactions beyond its three integrable points

    Open for about 41 years
  3. Universal validity of Pauling's residual entropy estimate for regular graphs with growing degree

    Open for about 2 years
Does environmental dephasing of a wavefunction saturate at low temperatures?5 questions
  1. Origin of the anomalously weak temperature dependence of the magnetic dephasing rate of Kondo impurities in AgFe wires below T/TKγ∼0.1T/T_K^{\gamma}\sim 0.1

    Open for about 19 years
  2. Microscopic origin of the saturated low-temperature electron dephasing rate in indium tin oxide thin films, with the companion spin-orbit and granular weak-localization anomalies of low-carrier-density conducting oxides

    Open for about 29 years
  3. Nonperturbative long-time Cooperon behavior for a purely diffusive (non-Markovian) bath in disordered quasi-one-dimensional fermion systems

    Open for about 6 years
  4. Apparent low-temperature saturation of the electron dephasing time from trapping in non-uniform disordered conductors: solving and testing the virtual-electron-trap mechanism

    Open for about 24 years
  5. Microscopic origin of the anomalous low-temperature dephasing in a disordered AlGaN/GaN two-dimensional electron gas grown on Si(111)

    Open for about 13 years
Glassy dynamics and mechanisms of the glass transition3 questions
  1. Parameter-free validation of stochastic beta-relaxation theory for realistic supercooled liquids

    Open for about 3 years
  2. Can the eigen microstate entropy identify and characterize dynamical arrest in glass-forming systems?

    Open for less than 1 year
  3. Random pinning and the glass transition: finite-dimensional fate and universality of pinning-induced singularities in thermodynamic versus purely kinetic glass formers

    Open for about 14 years
Parameterized star–triangle relations3 questions
  1. Systematic classification of singular limits of the Bazhanov–Sergeev master solution of the star-triangle relation

    Open for about 13 years
  2. Strong-coupling parent of the lens elliptic star-triangle relation and the pentagon interpretation of its r→∞r\to\infty limit

    Open for about 11 years
  3. Auxiliary-weight elimination and the general Yang–Baxter equation in the spin-to-vertex embedding of integrable lattice models

    Open for about 1 year
Physical implementation of superconducting qubits and solid-state quantum computing4 questions
  1. Microscopic decoherence budget of the high-coherence fluxonium qubit: dielectric loss, quasiparticles, and chain-mode thermalization

    Open for about 7 years
  2. Quasiparticle two-level systems from superconducting gap fluctuations: quantitative strength, dirty-limit trap theory, microscopic origin, and population dynamics

    Open for about 6 years
  3. Microscopic origin, prevalence, and elimination of Sisyphus defects (Coulomb-blockaded metallic grains) in superconducting quantum circuits

    Open for less than 1 year
  4. Microscopic origin and elimination of single two-level-defect (TLS/TLF) decoherence in superconducting transmon qubits

    Open for about 7 years
Challenges in SQUID applications and ultrahigh-density photons3 questions
  1. Low-frequency noise scaling in SQUID arrays beyond the ideal (20,20) homogeneous benchmark: array size, junction disorder, and microscopic origin

    Open for about 2 years
  2. BEC, BKT, or KPZ: classifying the condensed phase of the electrically pumped semiconductor photon gas in a planar microresonator

    Open for about 6 years
  3. Microscopic origin of low-frequency excess flux noise and its anomalous temperature dependence in dc SQUIDs with sub-micrometer Josephson junctions

    Open for about 39 years
The Mystery of Supersymmetric Dark Matter1 questions
  1. Experimental accessibility of the slepton co-annihilation region of neutralino dark matter

    Open for about 35 years
Does supersymmetry exist?3 questions
  1. Origin of the muon anomalous magnetic moment (g−2) discrepancy: Standard Model hadronic uncertainties or TeV-scale new physics?

    Open for about 25 years
  2. Is maximal N=8\mathcal{N}=8, D=4D=4 supergravity ultraviolet finite to all orders of perturbation theory?

    Open for about 19 years
  3. Origin of the suppressed high-scale GUT threshold corrections required by precision gauge-coupling unification, and explicit unified-model embedding of its superpartner spectra

    Open for about 2 years
Ultra-high-density photons1 questions
  1. Accumulation and stable confinement of electromagnetic radiation at high photon density in a plasma: mechanisms, trapped-photon content, and stability limits

    Open for about 17 years
Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray neutrino experiment searching for evidence oscillating to τ\tau-type neutrinos2 questions
  1. Energy-Resolved Three-Flavor Composition of the TeV-PeV Astrophysical Neutrino Flux: Enlarging the Tau-Tagged Sample and Testing Energy Dependence in IceCube

    Open for about 15 years
  2. Breaking the primary-versus-secondary tau-neutrino degeneracy in ultra-high-energy neutrino flavor measurements

    Open for about 4 years
Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray neutrino search3 questions
  1. The origin of the ultra-high-energy neutrino event KM3-230213A and the diffuse flux it implies

    Open for about 1 year
  2. Angular distribution of secondary neutrinos in tachyonic three-body decay and its impact on ultra-high-energy neutrino–photon coincidence

    Open for about 2 years
  3. Origin of the emerging neutrino flux above 5 PeV: single power-law continuation or ultrahigh-energy-cosmic-ray production, and the high-rigidity proton population it requires

    Open for about 1 year
New physics in hypernuclei8 questions
  1. Consistent N²LO determination of charge symmetry breaking in the ΛN interaction from the ⁴_ΛHe–⁴_ΛH mirror system, its experimental inputs, and its few-body consequences

    Open for about 5 years
  2. Precision Λ-separation energies of light hypernuclei (A ≤ 16): settling the hypertriton binding energy and mapping charge-symmetry breaking of the ΛN interaction

    Open for about 10 years
  3. Empirical and microscopic determination of universal hyperonic many-body repulsion: fixing the ΛN\Lambda N PP-wave degeneracy and the YNNYNN/YYNYYN three-body force from joint hypernuclear, scattering, and neutron-star constraints

    Open for about 9 years
  4. Robustness and microscopic origin of the single- to double-Λ\Lambda binding-deviation correlation calibrating ΛΛ\Lambda\Lambda interaction energies

    Open for less than 1 year
  5. Unambiguous identification of the MINO double-Λ Be hypernucleus and statistical determination of the ΛΛ interaction from the J-PARC E07 emulsion event sample

    Open for about 7 years
  6. Validating the LO pionless-EFT Λ\LambdaN+Λ\LambdaNN hypernuclear Hamiltonian beyond the ss shell: pp-shell binding, the dense-matter Λ\Lambda potential, and EFT systematics

    Open for about 8 years
  7. The hypertriton binding-energy puzzle: a definitive BΛ(Λ3H)B_\Lambda(^3_\Lambda\mathrm{H}) and a consistent ΛN\Lambda N/ΛNN\Lambda NN interaction set for the ss-shell hypernuclei

    Open for about 68 years
  8. Consistent chiral hyperon-nucleon and hyperon-nucleon-nucleon forces for predictive ab initio spectroscopy of p-shell hypernuclei

    Open for about 11 years
The superintegrable chiral Potts model3 questions
  1. Coupled Temperley-Lieb algebra route to the superintegrable chiral Potts chain: exact spectrum (open boundaries), representations, diagrammatic completeness, and Baxterization

  2. Exact finite-distance correlation functions of the superintegrable chiral Potts spin chain and the Fabricius–McCoy nearest-neighbour conjecture

  3. One-determinant form factors for the Weyl generators vnv_n and finite-lattice derivation of the order-parameter formulae in the Bazhanov–Stroganov and chiral Potts models

The BCS–BEC crossover in ultracold Fermi gases8 questions
  1. Bias-controlled nonperturbative benchmarks for the two-dimensional Fermi gas across the BCS-BEC crossover and their quantitative mapping to quasi-2D experiments

    Open for about 15 years
  2. Confinement-induced modifications of many-body observables in the strongly interacting quasi-2D BEC-BCS crossover

    Open for about 11 years
  3. Fermi-liquid breakdown in the BCS-BEC crossover normal state: temperature dependence of the vanishing quasiparticle residue, the incoherent spectral background, and the balanced-gas-Fermi-polaron similarity

    Open for about 11 years
  4. The pseudogap regime of the BCS-BEC crossover: pairing temperature T∗T^* versus the superfluid transition TcT_c in the two-component Fermi gas

    Open for about 22 years
  5. Pair condensation of the trapped spin-polarized Fermi gas across the BCS–BEC crossover: beyond-mean-field condensate fraction and superfluid–normal phase boundary with an interacting normal shell

    Open for about 12 years
  6. Pairing-gap discrepancy and Goldstone-mode–pair-breaking coupling in the BEC-BCS crossover of a homogeneous ultracold Fermi gas

    Open for about 5 years
  7. Quantum-fluctuation corrections to the finite-temperature phase diagram of the two-dimensional mass-imbalanced Fermi-Fermi mixture

    Open for about 8 years
  8. Ground-state pairing structure and equation of state of the mass-imbalanced resonant 6^6Li--40^{40}K Fermi gas across the BCS--BEC crossover

    Open for about 17 years
Color superfluidity in ultracold Fermi atoms6 questions
  1. Finite-Dimensional Fate of the Color-Superfluid–Trion Transition in the Attractive Three-Component (SU(3)) Hubbard Model

    Open for about 19 years
  2. Finite-density and finite-temperature phase diagram of the three-dimensional three-component Fermi gas near the in-medium triatomic resonance

    Open for about 5 years
  3. Robustness of the color-selective Mott transition and the repulsion-driven color superfluid of three-component fermionic atoms under harmonic trapping and finite-dimensional lattice geometry

    Open for about 16 years
  4. Unresolved extensions of color superfluidity in three-component ultracold fermions with color-orbit and color-flip fields: Efimov trimers, nonuniform (LOFF) phases, fluctuation corrections to the critical temperature, trap effects, and unequal interactions with finite detuning

    Open for about 8 years
  5. Stability and realizability of quintuplet-paired color superfluidity in three-color Fermi gases beyond mean field

    Open for about 7 years
  6. Robustness and observability of the unpaired-color pseudogap in strongly coupled three-component color superfluids

    Open for about 13 years
Ultracold polar molecular gases4 questions
  1. Phase identity, inter-droplet coherence, and stabilization mechanism of self-bound droplets in strongly dipolar microwave-dressed molecular gases

    Open for about 2 years
  2. Residual two-body loss and the road from microwave-shielded degeneracy to topological pp-wave superfluidity in fermionic polar-molecule gases

    Open for about 4 years
  3. Pauli suppression of atom–molecule collisions and atom-bath evaporative cooling in the quantum degenerate 23^{23}Na40^{40}K–40^{40}K mixture

    Open for about 4 years
  4. Open problems in microwave shielding of ultracold polar molecules on the n = 1 → 2 rotational transition: the high-Rabi non-universal regime, extension to higher transitions, robustness to imperfections, and experimental realization

    Open for less than 1 year

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