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    Disciplines / Research questions

    Information science

    54 research topics · 169 questions

    One-way functions in security schemes4 questions

    1. Length-Preserving 1-1 One-Way Functions from Factoring, and Simpler Amplification Without Expanders

    2. Is the chaotic minimum-index one-way function (Problem 1 of Everett 2024) invertible in polynomial time?

    3. Provable one-wayness or efficient cryptanalysis of the optimization-based one-way-like function in noncoherent massive-MIMO physical-layer security

    4. Practical, provably secure password-based authenticated key exchange and password-change protocols in the standard model (the open core of Feng and Chen's 2007 weak-pseudorandomness framework)

    Control of morphing aircraft1 questions

    1. Robustness guarantees and general solvers for coordinated deformation-flight control of morphing aircraft via learned representations and coupled state-dependent Riccati equations

    Manipulating the quantum world5 questions

    1. Translational-invariant local dissipative preparation of injective matrix-product and projected entangled-pair states with provably fast convergence

    2. Parsimony-optimal control-adapted frames and scalable frame-based characterization and control of multiqubit systems under multiaxis and non-Gaussian noise

    3. Sufficiency of non-Gaussian resource states for universal continuous-variable quantum computation with Gaussian operations and measurements

    4. Feedback Kraus-map controllability of discrete-time quantum dynamics with a fixed generalized measurement

    5. Time-energy-fidelity co-optimization and energetically informed universal gate-set selection in energy-efficient quantum control

    Formation and sensing mechanisms of ultrafine light beam probes3 questions

    1. Mechanistic basis and quantitative limits of the tip-mounted near-field Raman probe: origin of the spectral background bulge, point-to-point spectral variations, and sensitivity calibration

    2. Quantitative, perturbation-robust retrieval of the projected local density of optical states from plasmonic nanofocusing spectral interferometry

    3. Optimal form of a subwavelength-aperture near-field optical probe in the presence of a reflective sample

    Revealing implicit information from the development of medical ultrasound imaging4 questions

    1. System-independence of Nakagami-fractal ultrasonic tumor texture characterization: cross-scanner transfer, steatosis confounding, label noise, and staging and longitudinal biomarker validation

    2. Validity domain and noise robustness of H-scan power-law matched filtering for ultrasound scatterer classification

    3. Closing the detection-localization trade-off in a spatiotemporal deep network for super-resolution ultrasound and validating 10-fold-upscaled, real-time-capable image formation

    4. Foundations of Lempel–Ziv-complexity ultrasound tissue characterization: finite-window estimator fidelity, probabilistic sequence models, and acquisition-parameter sensitivity

    Can computers approach the capabilities of the human brain?1 questions

    1. An independent empirical criterion for genuine versus 'as-if' understanding in large language models, and the limits of machine language games

    Navigation control problems of multi-phase vehicles7 questions

    1. Complete-mission trans-media control of a variable-swept hybrid aerial underwater vehicle: three-dimensional water entry, underwater cruise, and the water-exit transition

    2. Provably safe coordinated navigation of cross-domain UAV-USV systems: extending the distributed guiding-vector-field framework to inter-vehicle collision avoidance, obstacle-dense and strongly heterogeneous settings, and coverage control

    3. Autonomous robust full-state trajectory tracking of multirotor hybrid aerial–underwater vehicles in air, in water, and across the air–water interface

    4. Autonomous cross-media operation of the tandem dual-rotor aerial-aquatic vehicle: robust control, underwater obstacle avoidance and navigation

    5. Validated nonlinear air-water transition dynamics and provably stable cross-medium control for small multirotor hybrid aerial-aquatic vehicles

    6. Six-degree-of-freedom trans-media motion control of multi-rotor hybrid aerial underwater vehicles under state-dependent actuator saturation: theoretical extension, wave-affected thruster capability, real-time deployment, and closed-loop validation

    7. Quantitative intersection of flight and swimming envelopes for hybrid aerial-aquatic multirotor vehicles: a validated design basis across geometries, propulsion regimes, and air-water interface dynamics

    Fractal (self-similar) structure, function, and behavior of complex systems3 questions

    1. Non-equilibrium, self-similar dynamics of single protein molecules: the undetermined equilibration timescale, the microscopic origin of subdiffusion, and its quantitative consequences for biochemical kinetics

    2. Mechanistic origins of scale-invariant spontaneous behavior: the neural substrate, the scaling exponent, and the cutoff time

    3. Open core of the renormalization growth theory of fractal complex networks: scale-invariant hub–hub correlation diagnostics, reliable exponent estimation near the small-world limit, and the robustness-selection hypothesis

    High-performance iterative decoding problems1 questions

    1. Optimization and design-space characterization of turbo product decoding of cubic tensor codes

    Solid-state terahertz sources2 questions

    1. Scaling mutual synchronization of Bi2212 intrinsic Josephson junction terahertz emitters: the inter-mesa coupling matrix, self-heating limits, and coherent emission from more than two mesas

    2. All-solid-state Schottky multiplier sources above 2.5 THz: under-pumped final stages, an unexplained 2.5 THz resonance, and the scaling path toward 4.7 THz

    Optical tweezers and their applications3 questions

    1. Generalizing deep-tissue absolute force spectroscopy: multi-trap operation, the optical-regime validity domain, harmonic localization of single-cell mechanics, viscoelastic model generality, and probe universality

    2. Quantitative validation of switchable optical trapping of VO2_2 phase-change nanoparticles: in-situ particle characterization, direct phase-state measurement, and mapping of the switching window

    3. Validated error bounds for image-overlap-induced systematic errors in force measurements of colloids close to contact

    Propagation and imaging of light in random media3 questions

    1. Extending the traceable fraction of object-bearing multiply scattered light for deep optical imaging in scattering media

    2. Optical inversion of the non-Markovian space-time random-medium model: jointly recovering the temporal Hurst index and spatial power-law exponent of turbulence from propagated-field statistics

    3. Coherent-effect thresholds and transport-mean-free-path reconciliation for light transport in finite optically disordered media

    The mystery of cooperative evolution5 questions

    1. Assortative interactions in social dilemmas: the generality of assortativity's inhibition of evolutionary branching, negative assortment, many strategies, and networks

    2. The stochastic grouping effect: analytical dynamics, theoretical classification, and scope of random group division as a support for cooperation

    3. Quantitative causal attribution of cultural group selection in the evolution of human cooperation

    4. Conditional defector strategies and the fragility of cooperation: robustness and long-term dynamics of a claim that selective cheaters can defeat kin selection, spatial structure, and punishment

    5. Asymptotic growth of the expected number of internal equilibria in general d-player n-strategy random evolutionary games (Duong–Han conjecture)

    The contradiction between high-resolution infrared imaging and the diffraction limit3 questions

    1. Validating multimodal optical-contrast-assisted sharpening of FTIR microscopy: alternative contrast modalities, generalization, and quantitative super-resolved benchmarks

    2. Experimental realization of sub-100-nanometer half-pitch far-field wide-field mid-infrared photothermal spectroscopic imaging

    3. Beyond-diffraction-limit and field-deployable mid-wave infrared super-resolution compressive imaging

    Cross-level dynamic optical molecular imaging of in vivo protein functions2 questions

    1. Stretch-activated twitchin kinase in working muscle: identifying its in-vivo molecular output and the tail-specific mechanics of its activation

    2. Molecular mechanism of the cell non-autonomous spatial correlation of γ-secretase activity among neighboring neurons in the living mouse brain

    Model selection in machine learning7 questions

    1. Non-asymptotic theory of optimal cross-validation data-split ratios beyond simple models: finite-sample characterization, conflicting objectives, and LOO-versus-large-validation regimes

    2. Feature-complexity measures and reproducibility-based model selection for high-dimensional flexible models

    3. Comparison Optimism: Extending the Rosset–Tibshirani Optimism Framework from Risk Estimation to Model Comparison

    4. Selection criteria with guaranteed robustness and sample complexity for iterative model selection over training-run randomness

    5. Quantitative theory for the fundamental limits of model selection: stability–consistency relations, finite-sample optimality of adaptive (bridge) criteria, and the cross-validation splitting-ratio paradox

    6. Provable guarantees and label-free identification in pool-based active model selection under realistic noise models

    7. True few-shot model selection for language models: reliable selection of prompts, hyperparameters, and models with few or no labeled validation examples

    Study on third harmonic generation based on all-solid photonic bandgap fibers1 questions

    1. Phase matching for third-harmonic generation in dual-bandgap hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers

    Computer perception2 questions

    1. Embodied Scene Understanding for Vision-Language Models with Multi-Step Temporal and Multi-Camera Observations in Closed-Loop Driving

    2. White-box adversarial robustness of glimpse-and-fixation active vision systems, and the adaptation of adversarial training to active sensing architectures

    How can computer systems become reliable systems?2 questions

    1. The degree-of-diversity problem: measuring, validating and certifying version independence in multi-version (design-diversity) dependable systems

    2. Systematic translation of failure-detector-based protocols into the random asynchronous model

    Establishing task-oriented measurement uncertainty models and transfer chain functions for coordinate measuring machines2 questions

    1. Configuration-independent task-specific uncertainty evaluation for coordinate measuring machines: a validated calibration-to-task transfer chain

    2. Complete SI-traceable uncertainty evaluation and full-scale validation of virtual-metrology-frame on-machine coordinate measurement on large machine tools

    Establishment of AC quantum Hall resistance standards2 questions

    1. Frequency dependence of the alternating-current quantized Hall resistance in graphene devices: separating loss mechanisms, achieving a zero-slope design, and establishing the origin of magnetocapacitance dissipation

    2. Microscopic origin and predictive modeling of AC dissipation in epitaxial-graphene quantum Hall effect devices

    Precision measurement of meridian acupuncture points3 questions

    1. Three-dimensional localization fidelity of acupuncture point delivery and the validation of minimum verum–sham separation distances in sham-controlled trials

    2. Depth-resolved complex impedance of subcutaneous collagenous bands along acupuncture meridians: testing the collagenous-tissue basis of meridian low impedance

    3. Integrating palpation with laser-assisted visual guidance for accurate and generalizable acupoint localization on curved body surfaces

    Describing and defining the null spectrum2 questions

    1. Distribution of the non-colocated Time-Reversal MUSIC null spectrum under realistic array, medium, SNR, and data models

    2. Realistic-condition performance theory and principled selection of the relaxation parameter for the MUSIC-like direction-of-arrival estimator

    Satisfiability problem of logical formulas4 questions

    1. The satisfiability threshold of random k-SAT for small k: convergence of the threshold densities rk(n)r_k(n) and tighter rigorous upper bounds for random 3-SAT

    2. Do merge-based proof systems exactly capture the simulation-cost bottleneck of CDCL SAT solvers?

    3. Counting and sampling random kk-SAT up to the clustering threshold: does the tractability boundary for counting and sampling coincide with the search threshold?

    4. Location of the SAT/UNSAT threshold of random K-SAT: the satisfiability conjecture for the unresolved small clause sizes

    Reconstruction of dreams and brain-reading technology9 questions

    1. The form and function of waking-memory recapitulation in dreams: verbatim replay versus transformation, and the mechanistic link between memory reinstatement and dream generation

    2. Generalization of stimulus-trained visual decoders to endogenous visual experience: how faithfully can imagery, illusions, and dreams be read out?

    3. Scalable, generalizable EEG-to-image decoding of dream content: the open obstacles identified by the Dream2Image dataset

    4. Low-level and image-specific visual feature representation of dream content in the sleeping brain, and generalization of hierarchical DNN feature decoding beyond sleep-onset NREM

    5. Generalizing explicit voxel-level functional alignment for cross-subject brain decoding beyond the single-paradigm setting: other stimulus domains and protocols, cross-species correspondence, and aggregated multi-subject reference alignments

    6. Open methodological questions from the Shirakawa et al. reanalysis of Koide-Majima, Nishimoto, and Majima (2024): valid Bayesian evaluation, independent perceptual validation, and controlled adjudication of mental-image reconstruction claims

    7. Validated and reliable reconstruction of subjective visual mental imagery from human brain activity

    8. Decoding specific dream visual contents beyond sleep onset: REM and nocturnal generalization and robust sleep-based decoders

    9. Causal status of the posterior cortical 'hot zone' and prefrontal high-frequency activity in generating conscious dream experience

    Extraction and expression of pattern features2 questions

    1. Global functional independence and optimization-time coupling of the POLCA Net multi-objective losses

    2. Unsupervised discovery of element libraries and element parameters in differentiable pattern compositing: deforming elements, weak-gradient robustness, and per-pixel depth

    Data association problems in target tracking2 questions

    1. Optimality guarantees for min-cost multi-commodity network-flow data association in online multi-object tracking

    2. Association-aware identification of multi-object dynamical systems: identifiability of observation-to-track assignments in joint estimation of model parameters and data associations

    Nano-optical antennas2 questions

    1. Quantitative limits and practical realization of optical-antenna control of photon antibunching in extended one-dimensional emitters

    2. Intersubband polariton condensation and the ultrastrong-coupling regime in single subwavelength nanoantennas

    Decoding brain signals1 questions

    1. Calibration-free inter-individual generalization of brain-signal decoding

    Deciphering the regulatory codes of gene expression8 questions

    1. The gene-domain regulatory code: quantitative rules by which enhancers decode transcription-factor concentrations and 3D domain folding shapes developmental gene expression

    2. Unresolved problems in the composite-element layer of mammalian cis-regulomes: functional validation, tissue generality, molecular mechanisms of cooperative and anti-cooperative TF binding, and higher-order regulatory syntax

    3. Causal validation, benchmarking, and evolutionary integration of ARSI-detected gene-expression regulatory information in transcript regions

    4. The biophysical mechanism underlying the ~10.5-bp helical periodicity of Nanog binding in mouse embryonic stem cells

    5. The duon question: the extent, mechanisms, and evolutionary and disease consequences of transcription-factor binding within protein-coding sequence

    6. Scaling Reg-Seq to a complete regulatory dissection of the Escherichia coli genome: automated architecture inference, high-throughput transcription-factor identification, distal regulation, and overlapping binding sites

    7. Scaling a fully interpretable thermodynamic deep neural network of transcriptional control to genomic-scale data with unknown transcription factor functional roles

    8. Causal mechanisms behind the sequence-encoded regulatory grammar of mRNA abundance: codon-usage effects on transcription in organisms beyond human cells

    How to continuously improve the performance of computer systems?2 questions

    1. Sustained vs. peak performance of HPC systems: characterizing, predicting, and reproducing delivered performance as a distribution

    2. Are DSP SoCs an energy-efficient alternative to x86 SoCs for HPC? The open workload-generality and software-cost questions left by the TMS320C6678 STREAM/HPL study

    How to make computers realize an artificial world?1 questions

    1. Originating and recognizing virtual artificial life: definitions, detection measures, and exhibition of living organization in computational substrates

    Collaborative computation problems in social networks3 questions

    1. Empirically testing the group size and task difficulty predictions of the crowdsourcing collective problem-solving model

    2. Joint effect and real-world scale validation of social incentive mechanisms for volunteer computing recruitment (the SoCPR open question)

    3. Trust-aware and adaptive collaborative partner identification in dynamically evolving social service provider networks

    Description and modeling of nonlinear behavior of RF circuits1 questions

    1. Quantifying and attributing output-power and PAE contour deviations between on-wafer non-50 Ω X-parameter models and foundry PDK compact models for pHEMT power amplifiers

    Accurate measurement of time2 questions

    1. The geopotential bottleneck: enabling sub-centimetre clock-based geodesy and 10−1810^{-18}-level remote comparisons of optical atomic clocks

    2. Closed-loop conditions for spin-squeezing enhancement of optical atomic clocks: excess anti-squeezing, multi-ensemble dead-time-free architectures, and the critical ensemble size

    Underwater acoustics and underwater communication5 questions

    1. Collision Avoidance and Cross-Layer Design for Game-Theoretic Routing in 3-D Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

    2. Minimum certain-sample requirement and reliability conditions on Q, δ for Joint Source-Environment Adaptation (JSEA) of data-driven underwater acoustic source ranging

    3. Practical characterization and demonstration of the remote aerial opto-acoustic (laser-generated underwater sound) communication downlink under realistic ocean conditions

    4. Robust operational GSTDOA localization of underwater black-box beacons: low-SNR arrival-time extraction and multi-reception fusion beyond the four-node estimator

    5. Validity conditions for Doppler-spectrum-based time-correlation and ICI modeling in non-stationary shallow underwater acoustic OFDM channels

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