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    Disciplines / Research questions

    地球科学

    48 个研究主题 · 161 个问题

    深海热液生态系统4 个问题

    1. Post-eruption recolonization and episodic connectivity of deep-sea hydrothermal vent metapopulations: larval supply versus habitat suitability, cryptic larval identity, and open-state dynamics

    2. Causal basis of the ~25 °C habitat partition and of inferred cross-domain interactions in hydrothermal-vent tubeworm "core communities"

    3. In situ validation and ecological scaling of hydrogen-powered chemosynthesis in hydrothermal vent symbioses

    4. Phantom stepping stones on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: are the intermediate chemosynthetic habitats required for vent-ecosystem connectivity extant or extinct?

    神秘的古亚洲洋3 个问题

    1. When and how did the Paleo-Asian Ocean finally close along the Solonker suture? Reconciling conflicting closure ages, testing the slab break-off model, and explaining the missing collision features

    2. Post-closure detachment of the Paleo-Asian oceanic slab beneath the Solonker Suture: whole-slab foundering, limb rupture (breakoff), ridge-subduction tearing, or another terminal process?

    3. Timing and along-strike pattern of the final closure of the eastern Paleo-Asian Ocean along the Changchun–Yanji suture zone, NE China

    适于地球巨型复杂系统的研究方法3 个问题

    1. Extending the Kullback–Leibler divergence measure of ensemble-forecast predictability limits from the Lorenz model to realistic high-dimensional weather and climate prediction systems

    2. Open problems in formalizing Earth's autopoietic complexity: testable organization-based models, fatal versus non-fatal perturbations, and biospheric anticipation

    3. Mechanism of the non-monotonic dependence of reservoir-computing predictive skill on training-data length in North Atlantic SST prediction

    特提斯的魅力——起源、演化和资源环境效应2 个问题

    1. Resolving the Cretaceous Neo-Tethys ridge subduction beneath the southern Eurasian margin: ridge geometry, Lhasa terrane thickening, redox control on Gangdese metallogeny, and a quantitative thermomechanical model

    2. Tectonic nature and closure history of the Bangong-Nujiang Suture Zone: plate-boundary status, subduction polarity, and terminal closure timing of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean

    天然气藏中剧毒的H2S\mathrm{H_2S}的形成与安全利用3 个问题

    1. Quantitative prediction of thermochemical sulfate reduction and H2S enrichment in the sour gas reservoirs of the Sichuan Basin: the role of Mg2+, TSR kinetics and thresholds, sulfate provenance, and H2S destruction

    2. Quantitative source partitioning and souring-progression forecasting for H2S in the Shanul gas field (Coastal Fars, Iran): the low-temperature thermochemical sulfate reduction problem

    3. Completing the first-principles microkinetic account of CH4 + H2S conversion to methanethiol/dimethyl sulfide on promoted Mo6S8 clusters: deferred Eley–Rideal and Mars–van Krevelen pathways, first-principles diffusion and the higher-sulfur Mo6Sx (x>8) stoichiometries, and the anomalous Ni promoter

    土壤脱硅富铝化的热、动力学条件是什么？6 个问题

    1. Atomic structures and surface formation mechanism of the metastable aluminosilicates formed in the Al–Si–H2O system on amorphous silica

    2. Quantifying the formation temperatures and hydrologic conditions of distinct gibbsite generations in the Trombetas allitic weathering profile (Amazonia)

    3. Quantitative apportionment of climatic and topographic controls on desilication-allitisation intensity in tropical high-relief soils

    4. Operative controls on dissolved aluminium activity in acid forest soils of southern and southwestern China: mineral equilibrium, cation exchange, organic complexation, or kinetics?

    5. Depth-dependent kaolinite saturation states in soil solutions and the thermodynamic control of desilication–allitization in highly weathered tropical soils

    6. Gibbsite genesis in strongly weathered acidic soils: direct primary-aluminosilicate weathering versus clay-mineral intermediates, and the inherited-versus-neoformed question for gibbsite in the soil nanoparticle fraction

    为什么不同地区生物群会有如此大的差异？1 个问题

    1. Causal mechanisms of the freezing-line partition between tropical and temperate bird biotas

    下垫面性质变化对局地气候影响的定量解释7 个问题

    1. Attribution of the multi-decadal decline in near-surface wind speed and wind-energy density: anthropogenic land-surface change versus large-scale atmospheric circulation

    2. The sign and dynamical pathway of irrigation-induced precipitation change: toward a general quantitative account

    3. Open core of the local/nonlocal separation framework for land-cover-change climate effects: areal-extent robustness under interactive oceans, complex-terrain sampling, and attribution of nonlocal responses to remote sources

    4. Causal attribution of observed climate sensitivity to decadal land cover and land use change across the conterminous United States

    5. Disentangling the mechanisms by which lower aerosol pollution amplifies the local cooling effect of afforestation

    6. Process-level attribution of the irrigation cooling effect on land surface temperature across China

    7. Attributing local temperature change to land use intensity in China: disentangling intensity from cover change and the unexplained urban warming mechanism

    早期地球上有机质的非生物合成及其演化1 个问题

    1. Mechanism of reductive amination of pyruvate to alanine by mixed-valence iron oxyhydroxides in prebiotic hydrothermal mineral systems

    长江与黄河河谷是怎样形成？7 个问题

    1. Timing and mechanism of the entrenchment of the Jinshaan Gorge and the formation of the Yellow River's Ordos bend

    2. Timing and mechanism of Three Gorges valley incision and integration of the Yangtze River through the gorges

    3. Origin age and incision mechanism of the upper Yellow River valley across the northeastern Tibetan Plateau

    4. How, when, and in what order did the middle Yellow River integrate through the Hetao Basin–Jinshaan Gorge–Fenwei Basin–Sanmen Gorge chain?

    5. Quantitative controls on channel planform diversity in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers: thresholds separating braided from anabranching/anastomosing rivers and sensitivity to environmental change

    6. When was the Sanmen Gorge incised? Timing and forcing of the birth of the through-going, exorheic Yellow River

    7. Timing and mechanism of Three Gorges channelization and upper-Yangtze integration as recorded by the Yichang Gravel Layer, Jianghan Basin, middle Yangtze River

    中世纪暖期和小冰期是全球性的还是区域性的气候异常？2 个问题

    1. Robustness and attribution of the absence of globally coherent warm and cold periods over the preindustrial Common Era

    2. Quantitative separation of smoothing artifacts, external forcing, and internal variability in the scale-dependent synchronization of Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age peak temperatures across the Northern Hemisphere

    种域大小地理梯度的Rapoport法则6 个问题

    1. Generality and mechanisms of cross-gradient range-size patterns (Stevens' pattern and negative elevation-by-latitude relationships) in tropical montane organisms

    2. Generality of the nonlinear thermal-gradient explanation for latitudinal range-size gradients and the reverse of Rapoport's rule

    3. Missing drivers of broad-scale variation in New World bird range sizes and the generality of the two-dimensional Rapoport pattern

    4. Mechanisms linking vertical and latitudinal range sizes in the global ocean: drivers of the bathymetric Rapoport pattern and of marine '3-D generalists'

    5. Mechanistic validation of the Climatic Variability Hypothesis: does climatic variability shape geographic range extent through physiological tolerance?

    6. Disentangling the drivers and robustness of Rapoport-like latitudinal patterns in the global distributions of alien bird species

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