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    Disciplines / Research questions

    Marine science

    19 research topics · 52 questions

    The Causes and Consequences of Large-Scale Arctic Summer Sea Ice Decline Since the 21st Century2 questions

    1. Quantitative attribution of the suggested Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation slow-down to Arctic sea-ice decline, and robustness of the sea-ice-driven mechanism

    2. Mechanisms, forced-versus-internal attribution, and feedback evolution of Eurasian Basin atlantification of the Arctic Ocean

    Processes and mechanisms of mass exchange between coastal wetland vegetation zones and offshore areas2 questions

    1. Controls, storm response, sea-level sensitivity, and regional-to-global magnitude of pore water exchange-driven dissolved inorganic carbon export from intertidal salt marshes

    2. Annual-scale nutrient exchange between mangrove forests and estuaries: all-season net fluxes, microbial pathway attribution, and episodic and site-to-site controls

    Did life on Earth originate from the deep sea? And how did it originate?2 questions

    1. Biogenicity and age of Earth's oldest purported microfossils in the Nuvvuagittuq Supracrustal Belt hydrothermal jasper

    2. Chemical feasibility of the Hadean alkaline-vent origin-of-life scenario: abiotic methanethiol supply, oceanic nitrogen-oxide oxidants, and net CO2_2-reduction yields

    Changes in oceanic carbon storage and sea-air carbon exchange during geological periods and their climatic effects3 questions

    1. Global expression and origin of the middle–late Eocene carbonate compensation depth fluctuations (carbonate accumulation events, CAE-1 to CAE-7)

    2. Ocean carbon storage and atmospheric CO2 decline across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition: magnitude, Southern Ocean pathway partition, and the missing MIS 24–22 CO2 test

    3. Quantitative attribution of the abrupt centennial atmospheric CO2 rise at the Bølling onset among Antarctic Intermediate Water expansion, Southern Ocean outgassing, and NADW changes during the last deglaciation

    Forcing mechanism of the sea surface temperature front on the ocean-atmosphere boundary layer4 questions

    1. Two-way air–sea coupling and regime boundaries of the marine atmospheric boundary layer response to a sharp small-scale SST front (Ushant front, Iroise Sea)

    2. Dynamical origin of the sign reversal between coupled and SST-prescribed estimates of the winter Kuroshio front–wind relationship over the East China Sea and Yellow Sea

    3. Open issues from the atmospheric response to a midlatitude SST front under alongfront winds: moist processes, Ekman-pumping closure, convergence diagnostics, and semi-geotriptic modeling

    4. Scale-dependent response of marine atmospheric boundary-layer wind divergence to sea-surface-temperature fronts: observational test over sharp fronts

    Seawater mixing induced by submarine hydrothermal eruptions4 questions

    1. Entrainment in deep-sea hydrothermal plumes: explaining the scatter of reported entrainment coefficients and quantifying the effects of multiple vents, background currents, and rotation

    2. Quantifying the effect of salt variations at high temperature on the buoyancy, rise height, and height-inferred heat flux of submarine hydrothermal plumes

    3. Entrainment and unsteady dynamics of a deep-sea hydrothermal plume strongly bent by a time-variable cross flow

    4. Quantifying ocean mixing by submarine eruption plumes: from three-dimensional plume dynamics to climatic and biogeochemical consequences

    How Marine Microorganisms Adapt to Changes in Water Pressure3 questions

    1. The missing pressure-sensing step and origin of HHP-induced oxidative stress in the deep-sea conditional piezophilic bacterium Halomonas titanicae ANRCS81, and the generality of its antioxidant adaptation strategy

    2. Functional basis of extreme piezophily in Colwellia: untested roles of piezophile-specific genes, their deployment across pressure regimes, solute composition, and the evolutionary structure of piezophily in the genus

    3. Pressure-tracking of marine prokaryote community activity during particle sinking and the correction of decompression artifacts in ex situ measurements

    Interactions between ocean mesoscale eddies and internal solitary waves4 questions

    1. Two-way coupling between internal gravity waves and coherent mesoscale ocean eddies: wave feedback on eddy evolution and stratification, and the fate and observation of eddy-rim mixing

    2. Generation mechanisms, satellite signatures, and environmental impacts of mode-2 internal solitary waves in the South China Sea: quantifying the eddy-resonance pathway

    3. Attribution of nonlinear internal wave amplitude variability in the South China Sea to the Kuroshio and mesoscale eddies

    4. Internal solitary wave distortion by mesoscale eddies in the northeastern South China Sea: nonlinear self-adjustment after eddy exit, quantitative observational reproduction, and combined background effects

    The particularities and influencing factors of the food web in polar marine ecosystems2 questions

    1. Can a summer sea-ice-free Arctic Ocean supply sufficient primary production to sustain the sympagic ecosystem through the extended dark winter?

    2. Region-specific quantitative food-web models for the Southern Ocean: energy fluxes, seasonal structure, and ecosystem responses to climate change, fisheries, and whale recovery

    Processes, mechanisms, and flux of material exchange at the nearshore sediment–water interface2 questions

    1. The iron "redox battery" in sandy sediments under natural redox oscillations: frequency dependence, Fe(II) retention mechanisms, and quantitative thresholds for phosphorus escape from the Fe curtain

    2. Seasonal controls, reservoir replenishment, and mechanisms of resuspension-driven nutrient release from cohesive shelf-sea sediments (Oyster Grounds, North Sea)

    Regional Isolation and Integration of Antarctic Marine Biodiversity under the Influence of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current3 questions

    1. Trans-frontal genetic exchange in the Astrotoma agassizii species complex: migrant frequency, origins, mechanisms, and climatic sensitivity of Antarctic Polar Front connectivity

    2. Robustness of the generalized biogeography of the Southern Ocean benthos: provincial structure, the ~50% endemism rule, and deep-sea dispersal across the Polar Front

    3. Genome-wide gene flow, admixture, and species limits of deep-sea bottlebrush octocorals (Primnoidae) spanning the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, and whether the ACC acts as a soft barrier for Southern Ocean octocorals

    How to find "DNA" indicators to identify the source of sediment2 questions

    1. Extending detrital-zircon U-Pb age and Hf isotope facies discrimination of Tibetan Plateau sediment sources to syn-depositional magmatic sources

    2. Making LiBO₂-fusion-ICP-AES heavy-mineral-concentrate geochemistry a quantitative, transferable sediment-provenance tool: element-mineral calibration, count-versus-chemistry bias, and validation beyond the UAE

    What factors determine the differences between marginal sea basins?2 questions

    1. Robustness of the transform-fault-to-overriding-plate strength control on episodic back-arc spreading-centre jumps across plate widths and realistic rheologies

    2. Unresolved tectonic mechanisms behind divergent Cenozoic rifting–drifting histories and basin-specific sequence patterns in the Northwest Pacific marginal basins

    What impact does Pacific seawater have on the North Atlantic ecosystem?4 questions

    1. Pacific-derived nutrient supply to the northwest Atlantic through the Arctic gateways: quantification, links to shelf productivity and basin nutrient balances, and response to changing Pacific inflow

    2. Ecological and biogeochemical consequences of the trans-Arctic return of the Pacific diatom Neodenticula seminae to the North Atlantic

    3. Ecological consequences of the reintroduced Pacific diatom Neodenticula seminae for the pelagic ecosystem of the northern Nordic Seas and Greenland Sea

    4. Quantifying the downstream effect of Bering Strait Pacific-water inflow changes on North Atlantic circulation: AMOC stability, deep convection, and multidecadal variability in strait-resolving models and observations

    Long-term variability of astronomical tidal force on ocean mixing intensity and the Earth's climate system3 questions

    1. Does the 18.6-year lunar nodal modulation of tidal mixing drive the observed bi-decadal ocean and climate variability of the North Pacific?

    2. The physical mechanism linking the 18.6-year lunar nodal tidal cycle to El Niño–Southern Oscillation

    3. Spatially varying tidal mixing and the glacial-to-deglacial meridional overturning circulation: energetics, stratification, and MOC stability

    Why is Prochlorococcus the most abundant photosynthetic organism in the ocean?2 questions

    1. Controls on the realized range and validated prediction of Prochlorococcus abundance in a warming ocean

    2. Order and causal drivers of genome reduction, rearrangement, and clade diversification in Prochlorococcus

    Why does shallow calcium carbonate dissolve in supersaturated oceans?3 questions

    1. Shallow-depth CaCO3 dissolution above the ocean's saturation horizons: magnitude, spatial distribution, and mechanisms

    2. Shallow-depth CaCO3 dissolution in oversaturated marginal-sea waters: mechanisms, vertical distribution, and significance for ocean alkalinity budgets

    3. Mechanisms and magnitude of shallow calcium carbonate dissolution in the supersaturated upper ocean and its control by biological export production

    Regional Capacitor Effect in the Indian Ocean–Western Pacific3 questions

    1. Quantitative Attribution of ENSO-Related Atmospheric Variability over the Indo–Western Pacific: Partitioning Combination-Mode Forcing and Regional Ocean-Capacitor Feedbacks

    2. Process-level, model-robust quantification of the Indo-western Pacific Ocean Capacitor (IPOC) mode's forcing of South Asian summer monsoon rainfall: orographic amplification, IPOC–intraseasonal interaction, and cross-model verification of the TIO/WNP attribution

    3. Physical determinants of the epochal modulation of the Indo-western Pacific Ocean Capacitor (IPOC) mode and its influence on Indian summer monsoon rainfall

    Mechanisms and prediction issues of ENSO diversity2 questions

    1. Extratropical forcing of ENSO diversity: dynamical pathways, nonlinear and inter-basin predictors, and model representation

    2. Rigorous reduction of a spatially-extended stochastic coupled ENSO model to nonlinear low-order conceptual models capturing ENSO diversity

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